The Movie Django

Gary L. Willis AFRS 55T (T&[emailâ protected]:30) Dr. T. Hasan Johnson 02. 23. 13 Extra Credit The Movie â€Å"Django Unchained† The goal of this paper is to survey a portion of the aftereffects of the conversation panel’s investigation of specific parts of this film identify with the Hip-Hop culture. On Thursday, February 21, 2013, I went to a board conversation facilitated by the Africana Studies Department of Fresno State University. It was directed at the African American Museum, Fresno California. Its motivation was to assess this movie’s impact on us (essentially Black-Americans), by investigating components of this movie.This film presents Black manliness and gentility during the 1860s subjection time of America utilizing characters that depict slaves as puerile and idiotic (the Betina or D'Artagnan), fierce (the Mandingo or Django), hypersexual (Sheba) and fainthearted (all the dark male slaves). These subjugation made portrayals of Black manliness ( the Buck) and gentility (the Jezebel/Mulattoe) are pertinent to Hip-Hop since they are the prevail characters being proffered as diversion in the greater part of Hip-Hop videos.The cliché persona of â€Å"The Buck† in the recordings is the Gangsta/Thug and â€Å"The Jezebel/Mulattoe† is the Bitch/Ho†both are servitude made generalizations. The Jezebel/Mulatto (Bitch/Ho) The Buck (Gangsta/Thug) Another part of this film pertinent to Hip-jump culture is the word â€Å"nigger†, utilized relentlessly in the film, similarly as, its transformed variant, â€Å"Nigga† is utilized unremittingly by Hip-Hoppers, in discussion and in their videos.Since language is one of the seven fundamental component all things considered, the use of the word â€Å"nigger† was examined by the board and crowd and because of this conversation, we concurred thatâ€without the utilization of the word â€Å"nigger†, â€Å"Django Unchained† would not be legit imate; in light of the fact that, in this film, â€Å"nigger† is an illustrative term, used to depict property, e. g. a slave or slavesâ€with no malignance expected. Here are two models, pony or ponies and house or housesâ€ergo, nigger or niggers.The just character that utilizes â€Å"nigger† other than as a portrayal of property is Stephen (the â€Å"Uncle Tom† played by Samuel L. Jackson). He utilized the word â€Å"nigger† to debase his individual dark slaves. Similarly as with the motion pictures utilization of â€Å"nigger†, the equivalent can be said about Hip-Hop recordings, they would lose its validness without the utilization of the word â€Å"Nigga† in light of the fact that â€Å"Nigga† in Hip-bounce is an illustrative turn, however not at all like â€Å"nigger† it adaptability. For instance, it tends to be utilized depict a relationship and its significance changes relying upon who is stating it and to whom.Fo r model, in the film when a Slave-ace says â€Å"My nigger†, it doesn't have a similar importance as a Gangsta/hooligan or Jezebel/Mulattoe in a Hip-Hop video saying, â€Å"My Nigga†. The Slave-experts are portraying their property, while the Hip-Hoppers are depicting their connections. During the crowd interest segment of this conversation, a youthful person of color in the crowd (Christopher Jackson) portrayed how much the film upset him.He likewise imparted to us, the degree to which it caused him to acknowledge how horrendous subjugation was; and how much enduring his progenitors needed to suffer; with the goal that he can appreciate the social liberties he has today. He stated, â€Å"Now I genuinely value my predecessors and men like Martin and Malcolm, who caused a definitive penance with the goal that I to can appreciate the opportunity I have today. † Personal Reflections If the intentions in making â€Å"Django Unchained† are to make us mindful o f how much our progenitors endured under the burden of subjection and to cause us to appreciate our opportunity; at that point, Christopher Jackson’s words are a demonstration of this movie’s achievement in both endeavors!In conclusionâ€I, alongside numerous members in this conversation, delighted in â€Å"Django Unchained† and expectation that there will be more motion pictures made that uncover the detestations of subjugation, and that, additionally advance constructive pictures of people of color and ladies. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ [ 1 ]. This paper was submitted as additional credit for AFRS 27, 55T and 144 [ 2 ]. Up to this time, us, we, and our alludes to Black-Americans [ 3 ]. Donald Bogle, Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies and Bucks

Pleasantville the use of colour Essay Example for Free

Pleasantville the utilization of shading Essay Talk about why the movie producers chose to utilize both highly contrasting and shading in Pleasantville Pleasantville was discharged in September 1998 however is set for the most part in a 1950s sitcom after the principle characters are sent into a televison on the grounds that the two fundamental characters, David and Jennifer broke their TV remote; impairing their TV. Gary Ross utilizes shading to make the watcher consider significant occasions ever, to put over some significant messages and furthermore, utilizing shading little referances are made all through the film to verifiable occasions. His principle messages are about socialism and the mcarthy time during the 1940s to 50s, the dark rights development and a feeling of a hopeful reality. This is completely appeared by the slow changing of the shade of items and individuals in Pleasantville. The Mcarthy time was a period during the virus war from the late 1940s to the late 1950s where America feared socialism. It was named to critisize the activities and supporters or Senitor Mcarthy who lead numerous political witch chases, anyway the mcarthy period reached out back before Senetor Mcarthy had a section in it and the term is utilized to sum up this period in time. In these political chases, anybody could be acused of being a socialist, particularly government individuals and individuals in media outlets (like Gary Ross father who was additionally an executive). These individuals could have everything detracted from them, and numerous positions were lost in America because of these witch chases, the individuals being referred to would be tossed infront of a jury and be compelled to admit different socialists and how the individual being referred to had overstepped the law. This is indicated when Bud (the fundamental character played by Toby Maguire) and Mr.Jonson (the nearby retailer) is taken and has been put being investigated, without a legal advisor and an opportunity to guard themselves. They are taken in light of the fact that they were hued and didn't adjust with Code of Public Conduct which was built up when the high contrast occupants of Pleasantville are terrified of progress and being in shading, much like the individuals in the Mcarthy time. The individuals of the Mcarthy period were terrified of progress, they saw change and needing opportunity a method of revolting and needing to oust the left wing, fair government. This is extremely two-faced as America depicted itself to be The pioneer of the free world. Numerous things were done to stop this, for instance when the high contrast individuals of Pleasantville crushed the shaded stain glass window with a seat. The utilization of shading for this situation is appeared to separate the two gatherings of individuals: the new age of individuals, open to change and not frightened of things to come (the minorities individuals) and the more seasoned molded age, stuck in a rut and scared of progress (the highly contrasting individuals). The other major chronicled occasion envisioned is the significant African-American social equality development in the late 1950s. This is portrayed by minorities individuals (signfying the African American individuals) being isolated from the highly contrasting individuals (meaning the white), this is obvious in the court scene shading partitioned scenes, particularly like the connection between white supremists and the dark populace of America around then.

Stonehenge Essays (1568 words) - Stonehenge, Henges,

Stonehenge Stonehenge Stonehenge is one of the universes most popular landmarks of the antiquated occasions. Stonehenge represented more than 5,000 a long time, and still we don't have the foggiest idea about the full utilization of this secretive course of action of stones. Stonehenge remains asan old landmark that despite everything propose puzzles to it birthplace and reason. From the start, researchers had no idea as to who assembled Stonehenge. The Romans, Egyptians, and the Phoenicians were completely proposed to have been a potential maker of Stonehenge. Later examination demonstrated that none of these refined assembled Stonehenge. Reality of Stonehenge is that three unique societies added to this megalithic landmark. The primary gathering started development around 3100 B.C.. Neolithic herders started the initial phase in the development of Stonehenge. The initial segment of this landmark started as a humble roundabout discard. Inside this circle 56 gaps were burrowed. These opening, later named Aubrey Holes after their pioneer, introduced puzzles to researchers for a considerable length of time. These peculiar gaps filled two needs. The first, and increasingly significant explanation, is that these gaps went about as a lunar calender. The moon has a cycle for it's shrouds. When a lunar overshadow happens, another won't occur for a long time. After those nineteen years, the moon will, by and by, overshadow. The following, also, last, obscuration of this cycle happens eighteen years after the past overshadow. These years indicate be fifty-six. Researchers accept that a stone was put in one gap in the circle. Every year, the stone would be moved to the following gap. Thusly the antiquated individuals could monitor the moon. The other explanation has a sullen side to it. In a portion of the Aubrey gaps, stays of people were found. These remaining parts were first incinerated, at that point put into the openings. This recommends that Stonehenge could have gone about as an internment site, and perhaps a sanctuary wherein human penances were made. None of these speculations have been demonstrated, however these reasons are the main possible clarification to these openings. The subsequent period is what the most information can be found on. The subsequent period started at about 2100B.C.. The Beaker individuals, a gathering which loved the sun, added to the landmark it's first enormous stones. The main thing done is that any of the stones that were at that point there were evacuated. Next, thirty huge stones were brought to the site. The stones, each gauging great more than five tons, were to go about as the mainstays of the new landmark. These stones were known as the Sarsen Stones, coming from what they are made of. These stones, be that as it may, are just 66% over the ground. The other third is covered to shield the immense column from toppling over. The Beaker individuals made two concentric circles, the internal circle estimating seventy four meters in measurement, and the external circle eighty six meters. The external circle was later named the Sarsen Circle. The internal circle was rarely finished, and nobody has any proof with respect to why. It shows up that they simply halted, without tidying up or expelling any of the old stones. Some estimate that the task was to enormous that it appeared outlandish the Beaker individuals. The third time frame started at around 1550 B.C.. The Wesset culture was going to add their touch to the developing landmark. The Wesset culture chose to destroy crafted by the Beaker individuals, in any case, settled on a comparable plan. They chose to develop a circle around a similar point the Beaker individuals utilized for their circle. On top of every column, nonetheless, an enormous rectangular stone was put, with each side laying on neighboring columns. This made a ceaseless hover all around the landmark. Rather than a littler hover inside the bigger circle, the Wesset culture put a basic pony shoe. The pony shoe, similarly as the huge circle, was topped with enormous rectangular stones. Given the separation they needed to travel, this introduced a significant transportation problem.(Lacy, www.britannia.com/travel/otherworldly/magic12.htm). The issue of getting the stones to the structure site was huge enough to prevent a great many people from endeavoring such a task. There were to ways used to convey the huge stones to the structure site. The first was via land. Mammoth trucks were developed to convey the littler stones. The stones were stacked on the truck and pulled eighty-five miles to Stonehenge. This technique would not work for the bigger stones as an enormous enough truck couldn't be made. For these stones, a wooden pontoon was made, and they were sent down a close by waterway. From the banks of the waterway it was a short separation to Stonehenge. Setting the stones took some reasoning. Initial, a five foot pit was

Role of New Media in Reporting Emergencies in Nigeria

Job of New Media in Reporting Emergencies in Nigeria Brilliance Ajabiowe The Role of New Media in Reporting Emergencies in Nigeria. (A Case Study of Ebola Virus) Section ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Crisis correspondence is known for its prompt correspondence with partners and its capacity to change at a moment’s notice. Web based life is additionally a developing field. The utilization of internet based life is developing at an exponential rate. Since their presentation, Social Network Sites (SNSs, for example, Facebook, MySpace, Cyworld, Twitter and Bebo have pulled in a huge number of clients, a considerable lot of whom have incorporated these destinations into their day by day rehearses, (Goldfine, 2011). We[E1] characterize informal organization locales as online administrations that permit people to (1) develop an open or semi-open profile inside a limited framework, (2) articulate a rundown of different clients with whom they share an association, and (3) view and cross their rundown of associations and those made by others inside the framework. There are numerous thoughts regarding the primary event of web based life. â€Å"Throughout quite a bit of mankind's history, we’ve created advancements that make it simpler for us to speak with each other† (Carton, 2009). The most punctual data experienced by the journalists of this articleâ referred to 1792 and the utilization of the message to transmit and get messages over significant distances (Ritholz, 2010). Emile Durkheim, a French humanist referred to by numerous individuals as the dad of humanism, and Ferdinand Tonnies, a German social scientist, are viewed as pioneers of informal organizations during the late 1800s. Tonnies accepted that social gatherings could exist since individuals shared qualities and convictions or on the grounds that common clash. His hypothesis managed the implicit understanding originations of society. Durkheim consolidated experimental research with sociological hypothesis. Likewise, in the late 1800s, the radio and phone were utili zed for social collaboration, but single direction with the radio (Rimskii, 2011, Wren, 2004). Since the late 1990’s, the new online life have changed the view of hazard andâ crises, yet additionally residents desires towards crisis reaction authorities, the private sector,â volunteer associations, etc[E2]. Twitter, Facebook and Ushahidi among others have been generally used to impart about dangers and emergency circumstances (for example 2010 Haiti seismic tremor, 2011 Fukushima atomic mishap, etc.[E3]). This change is connected to the quick advancement of the Web 2.0 and its applications. While Internet traffic is relied upon to grow 25-30% somewhere in the range of 2011 and 2015 in North America, Western Europe and Japan, and to reach or outperform half in Latin America, the Middle East and Africa as indicated by the UN worldwide heartbeat white book, the utilization of web based life, for example, Facebook and Twitter is becoming considerably more quickly. Web based life is client created content conveyed through the Internet with the plan toâ be shared and encourage discussion between clients (Wright Hinson, 2009). Internet based life isâ one of the significant techniques for social association around the globe today (Wright Hinson, 2009). When all is said in done, coming up next are viewed as web-based social networking devices and stages: message sheets, photoâ sharing, web recordings, Really Simple Syndication (RSS), video sharing, Wikis, online journals, socialâ networks and miniaturized scale blogging locales (Wright Hinson, 2009). Online networking can be known as a technique and an outlet for broadcasting, while Social Networking is an instrument and an utility for associating with others (Cohen, 2009; Stelzner, 2009). Besides, Cohen (2009) reports that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¥ ¸the distinction isn't simply semantics however in the highlights and capacities put into these sites by their designers which directs the manner in which they are to be used†.[E4] Facebook is a person to person communication site propelled in February 2004, and it is secretly worked by Facebook, Inc. (Facebook, 2004). Facebook was established by Mark Zuckerberg and others when he was an understudy at Harvard; however when the site was at first propelled, it was limited to Harvard understudies as it were. Later the benefit was stretched out to secondary school understudies and later to everybody that is 13 years or more established (Boyd, 2007). Starting at July 2010, Facebook has in excess of 500 million dynamic clients. In January 2009, Facebook was positioned as the most utilized informal community around the world. Likewise, in May 2010, Google declared that a larger number of individuals visited Facebook than some other site on the planet. It pronounces this was found from discoveries on 1,000 destinations over the world, (TIMES, 2010). Clients may make an individual profile; include different clients as companions, and trade messages, including programmed notices, photographs and remarks when they update their profile. Furthermore, Facebook clients may join normal intrigue client gatherings, sorted out by working environment, school, school, or different attributes. Ebola infection was found in 1976 and from that point forward 2,265 revealed instances of Ebola fever in people far and wide of these casualties, 1,531 brought about death slaughtered. Places for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC, 2012). The main known instance of Ebola in Nigeria was an explorer uncovered in Liberia. On July 17, 2014, while under perception in a Monrovia, Liberia, emergency clinic for conceivable Ebola, the patient built up a fever and, while indicative, left the clinic against clinical exhortation. In spite of counsel against movement, on July 20 he flew by business carrier from Monrovia by means of Accra, Ghana, to Lomã ©, Togo, at that point changed airplane, and traveled to Lagos. On appearance the evening of July 20, he was intensely sick and promptly shipped to a private clinic where he was noted to have fever, heaving, and loose bowels. During medical clinic affirmation, the patient was questioned about Ebola and said he had no known presentation; he was at first treated for assumed intestinal sickness. In light of the patients inability to react to jungle fever treatment and his movement from an Ebola-influenced nation in the locale, treating doctors presumed Ebola. The patient was secluded and tried for Ebola infection contamination while nearby general wellbeing specialists were cautioned about an associated case with Ebola. A blood example sent to Lagos University Teaching Hospital was affirmed positive for intense Ebola infection contamination. The patient passed on July 25. Port Health Services led early contact following at the air terminal and worked with carriers and accomplices to guarantee notice of the flare-up through International Health Regulations systems During the 2009 flu pandemic, tweets and SMS were utilized to demonstrate where vaccinationâ against H1N1 flu was accessible. Web based life were utilized to support the populace toâ vaccinate and to demonstrate where the closest spot was to do as such. In Kenya, which has 33 million individuals there are 11.3 million cell phone supporters yet just 264000 landline and 3 million web clients. A select in framework for blood contributors empowers them to get instant messages or email updates expressing when they are qualified to give again yet in addition messages calling for benefactors of explicit blood classifications during deficiencies or emergencies. The World Health Organization (WHO) utilizes web based life in its Strategic Health Operations Centre (SHOC) which work every minute of every day. On account of TweetDeck, they lead search by chosen watchwords on Twitter. WHO presently has two full-time internet based life staff and gets almost 6,000 new devotees on Twitter every week and about a similar number on Facebook every month. These numbers are developing, which causes WHO both to screen wellbeing emergency and give great advices to the devotees. During the Fukushima occasions, the TweetDeck saw that a few people were advising their companions to drink wound cleaners, which contain iodine, since they figured this would enable their body to be set up for the atomic radiation coming up. By means of Twitter and Facebook, the WHO online networking group cautioned individuals not to drink it since it could be unsafe. That day, WHO saw individuals hurrying to take iodine pills and tweeted: â€Å"Consult your primary care physic ian before taking iodine pills. Don't self-medicate!† As correspondence innovation broadens and multiplies, web-based social networking (Facebook, Twitter, and so forth.) are progressively used to pass on data during emergencies to send admonitions, to direct situational mindfulness, and even to catalyze activity and continue discoursed and criticism circles among open specialists, volunteer gatherings, the business segment and residents. In spite of their helpfulness, governments see web based life with some alert because of the cost that could be caused by attempting to stay up with developing resident desires. The dependability of web-based social networking content is here and there addressed, however separating apparatuses have been built up that might be utilized to lessen time spent perusing immaterial messages and conniving sources. The web-based social networking can be utilized to improve hazard and emergency correspondence in a few different ways. First,â they are shared and participatory. Online conversations can improve circumstance mindfulness. Second, they are decentralized. The data can course rapidly among entertainers, on account of RSS channels or Tweets, which are quickly accessible online to numerous associations. Third, web based life are well known and open. Crisis administrations can expand their arrive at when sending data or cautioning. At last, online life can give information that are geologically or transiently discernible. It gets conceivable to screen the topographical and time advancement of an emergency on account of carefully created content. The advancement of web based life has prompted quicker spread of messages and the capacity to limit hurt done to an association in an emergency situation. Web-based social networking is beginning to change the manner in which we work together, and I think in the event that we don’t acknowledge what’s occurring in crisis the board, at that point individuals are going to gaze upward, and they’re going to go-†What simply happened?†Ã‚ (Richard, 2011). Be that as it may, Social media additionally can possibly demolish a company’s notoriety or exped

International Economics - Mexico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Worldwide Economics - Mexico - Essay Example This implies the creation keeps on falling by near 25% over the past ten years (Sverdrup 123). Mexico as of late constructed its foundation for motivations behind upgrading exchange. In 2012, the exchange cartels the Mexican broadcast communications industry were among the people on the planet. In any case, their endeavors are about imposing business models as they control near 70% cell phones, 70% broadband and 80% home telephone lines. There are late worries that the absence of rivalry which keeps on hampering development. The degrees of cell phone infiltration across Mexico are just 85% which are like Iraq while the quick broadband association costs are twofold those in Chile. Mexico's way of life and economy are consistently evolving. For a long time the economy of Mexico failed to meet expectations that of Brazil, however it has become quicker in the previous year. Most Americans continue agonizing over the unlawful migration despite the fact that Mexico needs to really pick up settlers without anyone else. By realities, the birth pace of the nation is inclining downwards and could before long be route beneath that of the U.S. on this case, the viciousness connected to medicate cartels is still maintained while Mexico is viewed to as a basic underground exchange course for U.S. addicts (Leoce 29). In the most recent decade, Mexico’s needs included maintaining legitimate organizations, ensuring the earth, giving better human services and improving the monetary seriousness of the nation. This is additionally confirm by the safeguarding of open security like military breadths in breaking down the degrees of sorted out wrongdoing just as the degenerate neighborhood police. Some portion of these, the chase for the medication cartels turned out to be generally dubious. It likewise added up to hard and fast war where there were expanded degrees of viciousness, for example, reprisal of the regular citizens by such cartels. Most Mexicans reprimanded the admi nistration for expanding brutality and upsetting the cartels. There were various difficulties confronting Mexico's economy over the long haul. The economy confronted provokes, for example, the engraved need to modernize the work and expense framework laws, redesign schools, medicinal services administrations and streets just as privatize the oil business. These were relied upon to occur earlier the remote financial specialists help in the extraction of more oil. In any case, it denied the Mexican government more income (Sverdrup 73). Scientists have understood that Mexican innovative work use, gifted work accessibility and the licenses gave were radical markers of different mechanical initiative finishes that empowered the nation to keep delivering a complete stretch of such mechanical developments while as yet having discovered that such innovation pioneers concentrated on trading hello there tech items and accepting imports of results of progressively standard. The Mexican peso em ergency and universal impacts In the 1988 †1994 term of the Salinas administration in Mexico, the general GDP development was at a normal of 3.3% yearly which was a number surpassing the populace development rate (at 2%). In any case, it fell very quickly for the other poor and creating nations. Despite the fact that the development went to linger behind at the pace of resulting developing markets, the Mexican legislators turned out to be considerably additionally ready to detail fast monetary extension as far as strength (Villareal 11). The new and practically stable component for this situation had the Mexican economy entering 1994 with assorted

Importance of Early Childhood Education

Importance of Early Childhood Education Early Childhood Education Nov 16, 2018 in Coursework Developmental Delay in Children According to Fedoroff Barbara (2012), parents and child developers (professional educators) are deeply worried when faced with a childs development being delayed, contrary to the normal child growth and development. Further is that for professional educators, it is important first to separate the childs identity from the possibility of a developmental delay. Through this, the childs wholeness is still valued. The best is achieved through separation of the affected child from his/her non-typical behavior/trait and instead concentrating on a number of positive role-plays. When first parents get news of possible developmental delay in their children, they often get worried about the well-being of their children. The issues that come into their minds focus on the future through a myriad of questions about the worst possible case scenarios, which their children might face. The concerned parents, to find possible reasons for such delays, also perform a review of the past. The above, being a departure from the present, needs to be corrected, through step by step focusing on the present, where the caregiver who is experienced on daily observation of children takes all the necessary steps to ensure positive child growth.

The Disease Lung Cancer - Free Essay Example

Lung Cancer begins when cells in your body start to mutate or change. There are many factors that can cause these mutations to happen. Most often, this change in the cells happen when people are exposed too and or breathe in dangerous and toxic substances. Even if you were exposed to these substances many years ago, you are still at risk (NCBI, 2011). There are many treatment options and support offered to those who are diagnosed. Etiology of Lung Cancer Smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer. Tobacco smoke contains many chemicals that are known to cause lung cancer. Radon exposure is the second-leading cause of lung cancer. Radon is a colorless, odorless radioactive gas that exists naturally in soil. It comes up through the soil and enters buildings through small gaps and cracks. One out of every 15 homes in the U.S. is subject to radon exposure. Exposure to radon combined with cigarette smoking seriously increases your lung cancer risk. Exposure to certain hazardous chemicals poses a lung cancer risk. Working with materials such as asbestos, uranium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel and some petroleum products is especially dangerous. Particle Pollution refers to a mix of very tiny solid and liquid particles that are in the air we breathe. Evidence shows that particle pollution†like that coming from that exhaust smoke†increases the risk of lung cancer. Finally, the last cause of lung cancer is through genes. G enetic factors also may play a role in ones chances of developing lung cancer. A family history of lung cancer may mean you are at a higher risk of getting the disease. (American Lung Association, 2018) Clinical features of Lung Cancer The Signs and symptoms of lung cancer can take years to develop and they may not appear until the disease is advanced. Symptoms of lung cancer that are in the chest include; coughing, especially if it persists or becomes intense; Pain in the chest, shoulder, or back; A change in color or volume of sputum; Shortness in breath, Changes in the voice or being hoarse, Harsh sound with each breath (stridor), Recurrent lung problems, such as bronchitis or pneumonia, Coughing up phlegm or mucus, especially if it is tinged with blood and or coughing up blood. If the original lung cancer has spread, a person may feel symptoms in other places in the body. Common places for lung cancer to spread include other parts of the lungs, lymph nodes, bones, brain, liver, and adrenal glands. Symptoms of Lung cancer that many occur elsewhere in the body include; Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss, muscle wasting (also known as cachexia), fatigue, headaches and or bone and joint pain, Bone fracture s, neurological symptoms, such as unsteady gait and or memory loss. Other symptoms include neck or facial swelling, general weakness, bleeding and or blood clots. (CDC, 2018) Lab Data There are several laboratory tests that may be done during the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. These tests are any procedure that evaluates a sample of blood, urine, other bodily fluid, and or tissue. While there is not a single test that can determine if a person has lung cancer, it can provide additional information that helps doctors determine the best treatment for the patient. A complete blood count is a test that measures all different components in the blood. Blood is made up of many different cells: red and white blood cells, and platelets. Abnormal findings from a CBC include; low levels of red blood cells that can indicate anemia, low levels of blood platelets can point to a tendency to bleed and difficulty forming clots. Also, low levels of white blood cells can place a person at higher risk for infections. Blood Chemistry is another test that detects levels of substance in the body can identify abnormalities in some of the organs. (Lung Cancer, Laboratory Tests, 201 7) Red cell distribution width (RDW), one of many routinely examined parameters, shows the heterogeneity in erythrocyte size. We investigated the association of RDW levels with clinical parameters and prognosis of lung cancer patients. Clinical and laboratory data from 332 patients with lung cancer in a single institution were retrospectively studied by univariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the effect of RDW on survival. THE RDW LEVELS WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS: high RDW (=15%), n=73 vs. low RDW, n=259 (15%). Univariate analysis showed that there were significant associations of high RDW values with cancer stage, performance status, presence of other disease, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, platelet count, albumin level, C-reactive protein level, and cytokeratin 19 fragment level. Kruskal-Wallis tests revealed an association of RDW values with cancer stage in patients irrespective of co morbidity (patient with/without comorbidity: p0.0001, patient without comorbidity: p0.0001). Stages I-IV lung cancer patients with higher RDW values had poorer prognoses than those with lower RDW values (Wilcoxon test: p=0.002). In particular, the survival rates of stage I and II patients (n=141) were lower in the high RDW group (n=19) than in the low RDW group (n=122) (Wilcoxon test: p0.001). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed higher RDW is a significant prognostic factor (p=0.040). RDW is associated with several factors that reflect inflammation and malnutrition in lung cancer patients. Moreover, high levels of RDW are associated with poor survival. RDW might be used as a new and convenient marker to determine a patient's general condition and to predict the mortality risk of lung cancer patients. (PLOS, Koma, Onishi, Matsuoka, Oda, Yokota, Matsumoto, Koyama, Okada, Nakashima, etc, 2013) Diagnostic Evaluations There are many procedures utilized to identify lung cancer. The first evaluation is an X-ray. A chest X-ray uses high-energy electromagnetic radiation to provide images of the lungs and surrounding tissues. This image-guided technology is an important procedure for cancer diagnosis, staging and treatment. Another type is a CT scan for lung cancer. Computed tomography (CT) scan is one of the most commonly used tools for screening, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A CT scan reveals the anatomy of the lungs and surrounding tissues, which cancer doctors use to diagnose and monitor tumor growth. Lab tests for lung cancer are compiled of three separate tests. First, we have Genomic tumor assessment, which examines a tumor on a genetic level to find the DNA alterations that are driving the growth of cancer. By identifying the mutations that occur in a cancer cells genome, we can better understand what caused the tumor and tailor treatment based on these findings. Second, we have Tumor molecular profiling. If a patient has a solid tumor, doctors will try to get a sample of tissue during a biopsy or surgery. Then, they will test for the presence of a variety of enzymes, proteins and genes to identify which therapies may help. The final part of lab tests is Nutrition panel. With this test, doctors evaluate patients for deficiency of nutrients, such as vitamin D and iron. The test helps the doctors identify what nutrients patients need replaced or boosted. In order or all of these tests to be completed, a doctor will collect a blood sample, and then send it to a pathologist. A CT angiogram is another form of an evaluation. A CT angiogram allows doctors to examine the pulmonary artery, which is the main artery that supplies blood to the lungs from the heart. In this test, a special iodine-based contrast material in injected into the body before a CT scan to illuminate the pulmonary artery and smaller blood vessels in the chest. A CT angiogram is done when a patient is experiencing shortness of breath. A PET/CT scan for lung cancer is another form of evaluation. A PET/CT scan is an advanced nuclear imaging technique combines positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) into one machine. The scan reveals information about both the structure and functions of cells and tissues in the body during a single imaging session. The scan creates a 3D picture of the lungs, but it may miss small tumors if part of the lung has collapsed, as it sometimes the case. A PET scan goes beyond anatomy to show what is happening at a cellular level in the tiss ues of the lung. Biopsy for lung cancer is another form of evaluation that doctors use. During a lung biopsy procedure, the doctor removes a small piece of tissue or fluid from the chest, so it can be examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells. If the cells are found to be cancerous, a biopsy may help determine whether the cancer began at the site of the biopsy or if it started somewhere else in the body and spread to the biopsy site. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) for lung cancer is a less invasive bronchoscopic procedure used to evaluate and sample cancerous cells in the chest. In most cases, EBUS is performed as an alternative to a mediastinoscopy, a surgical procedure used to collect samples in the chest while the patient is under general anesthesia. An EBUS uses ultrasound guidance to detect cancerous cells in the lungs and in the lymph nodes of the chest in real time. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy for lung cancer allows physicians to identify cancerous cells in the bronchial tubes that may not be visible under white light examination. The doctor can then remove a small sample of abnormal tissue for further analysis. This method is used to find and diagnose tiny tumors. For the procedure, the doctor will insert a scope through your mouth or nose and into your lungs. Then, a video camera and two different light sources will give the doctor a view of the patients airways. (Cancer Center, 2017) Treatments for Lung Cancer Although there is no cure for lung cancer, there are several treatment options for this disease. The most common treatments are radiation, surgery and chemotherapy. Other treatments include; Immunotherapy, Neurosurgery, targeted therapy, interventional pulmonology and metastatic lung cancer to the liver. For everyone these treatments, there is a community of people to help you along the way. CancerCare has partnered with LUNGevtiy to develop a cancer helpline. There is financial assistance for those who cannot afford treatments. Connect with others in free support groups, either online or face to face. Community resources are available for those who need it. (CancerCare, help by diagnosis, 2016)

Theodore Roosevelt s Legacy Of The National Park System...

Being the President of the United States is an enormous task; wisdom, courage, and honesty are just a few of the numerous traits that a successful president must possess. Slews of challenges are inevitable as the Commander in Chief, and the position is not one for the faint of heart or weak of resolve. Some presidents fall through the cracks of history as irrelevant leaders, while others become infamous through corruption and scandal. Only a select few are considered great by the citizens they ruled. Theodore Roosevelt is one of those outstanding presidents. He possessed an unshakable resolve, even as a young boy. His bravery made him a war hero and a force to be reckoned with. His environmental concerns led to the creation of the†¦show more content†¦He wrote multiple books concerning his experience and transformation from a weak, pale Easterner into a hardened cowboy worthy of respect and admiration. Whether he was standing up to armed bullies, challenging men who threatened him, or chasing thieves for miles, Teddy was determined to accomplish his goals and not be taken as a weak man. After three years of frequent visitation to the West, Teddy returned east to stay. He enjoyed a position in the US Civil Service Commission under President Benjamin Harrison as well as Grover Cleveland, both of whom were impressed with his work in the department. He then went on to become one of New York City s Police Commissioners, eventually reforming the department to make himself the sole Commissioner. But in 1898, the United States entered war with Spain, creating a need for troops and regiments. Teddy decided that he wanted to fight , and created a regiment known as the Rough Riders. Despite protest from friends and family, Roosevelt was determined to see combat. He got his chance on July 1, 1898, at the Battle of Kettle Hill in Cuba. He bravely led the Rough Riders on a charge of the hill, selflessly risking his life as heShow MoreRelatedPreserving Americ Protecting The Environment2630 Words   |  11 PagesPreserving America Beautiful foliage, rare animals, and natural wonders exist within the United States because they are protected and desirable. Unfortunately, in the modern world, there is less focus on how to improve and protect the environment. The focus has been shifted towards how to get the most out of the environment. An environmentalist would frown upon the industrial mannerisms that current policy has been backing. This shift has resulted in many looking back to the roots laid by former environmentalRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHistory Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD AllenRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCosts 6.4 Activity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence

Definition and Examples of False Friends in Language

In  linguistics, the informal term  false friends refers to  pairs of words in two languages (or in two dialects of the same language) that look and/or sound the same but have different meanings. Also known as false (or deceptive) cognates. The term false friends (in French, faux amis) was coined by Maxime Koessler and Jules Derocquigny in Les faux amis, ou, les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais (False Friends, or, the Treacheries of English Vocabulary), 1928. Examples and Observations Youd think you can figure out the meanings if you come across the words embarazada, tasten, and stanza in Spanish, German, and Italian respectively. But watch out! They actually mean pregnant, to touch or feel, and room in the respective languages.(Anu Garg, Another Word a Day. Wiley, 2005)At the simplest level there can be trivial confusion between everyday words such as French carte (card, menu, etc.) and English cart or German aktuell (at present) and English actual. But more problematic conflicts of meaning arise with trade names. Americas General Motors had to find a new name for their Vauxhall Nova car in Spain when it was discovered that no va in Spanish means doesnt go.(Ned Halley, Dictionary of Modern English Grammar. Wordsworth, 2005)An example of a  false cognate  is the English  jubilation  and the Spanish  jubilacià ³n. The English word means happiness, while the Spanish one means retirement, pension (money).(Christine A. Hult and Thomas N. Huckin,  The New Century Handbook. Allyn and Bacon, 1999) Interference: Four Types of False Friends Interference is the phenomenon that we experience when linguistic structures that we have already learnt interfere with our learning new structures. Interference exists in all areas—for example, in pronunciation and spelling. Incidentally, interference exists not only between two languages, but also within one language. In semantics, one therefore refers to intralingual and interlingual false friends. Since a word may change its meaning in the course of time, this problem cannot be viewed only in the light of the current (i.e., synchronic) situation. Because the historical (i.e., diachronic) development must also be taken into consideration, there are altogether four types of false friends.(Christoph Gutknecht, Translation. The Handbook of Linguistics, ed. by Mark Aronoff and Janie Rees-Miller. Blackwell, 2003) French, English, and Spanish:  Faux Amis [I]n order to illustrate how deceitful false friends may become, the best we can do is to resort to the term false friends itself . . . As I have just pointed out,  false friends is a calque from the French term faux amis, although this translation is at least unsuitable, despite being lexicalised now. And the reason is that treacherous, disloyal or unfaithful friends are not usually called false friends and falsos amigos, but bad friends and malos amigos in English and Spanish, respectively.Yet, the term false friends is the most widely spread in the literature on this linguistic phenomenon . . .(Pedro J. Chamizo-Domà ­nguez, Semantics and Pragmatics of False Friends. Routledge, 2008) Old English and Modern English The vocabulary of Old English presents a mixed picture, to those encountering it for the first time. . . Particular care must be taken with words which look familiar, but whose meaning is different in Modern English. An Anglo-Saxon wif was any woman, married or not. A ​fugol fowl was any bird, not just a farmyard one. Sona (soon) meant immediately, not in a little while; won (wan) meant dark, not pale; and faest (fast) meant firm, fixed, not rapidly. These are false friends, when translating out of Old English.(David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003)

Project Management Regency Plaza - 5104 Words

Table of Contents Page 1. Executive Summary (207 words) 2. Introduction (280 words) 3. Project Definition Phase (949 words) 3.1 Problems Encountered during the Project 4. The Project Manager (790 words) 4.1 Assessment of Kris Hodgkins 5. Risk Management (938 words) 5.1 Evaluating Risk Management 6. Miller’s Dilemma (821 words) 7. Final Discussion (398 words) 8. Conclusion (142 words) 9. Appendix 10. References 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Being a successful hotel operator, the Regency Hotel Group (RHG) has the experience, the resources as well as the capability of managing the Regency Plaza Project. So the question is, why has the project been dogged by various problems? From slow sales†¦show more content†¦The management failed to take into account the fact that they are venturing into a new business territory involving long-term residential condominium units. Hotel guests and condominium residents have different levels of expectations not to mention the fact that the Regency Plaza is a luxury development. While being established and successful in their main business is good, perhaps this has also contributed to the over-confidence of the management and their failure to set appropriate realistic goals. A project priority matrix was first developed to identify the various levels of project priorities in terms of time, performance and cost which interelate to the goals set. Project Priority Matrix | | | | | | | | | | | | This would signify the following for the Regency Plaza Project: âÅ"“ If the project is behind schedule, there will be a reduction in the completion time in order to successfully market the product âÅ"“ If the project is behind schedule, cost budget will be increased to speed up work âÅ"“ The original specifications fixed cannot be compromised Specifications When the project management team under the leadership of project manager Hodgkins was set-up by RHG management, plentiful amounts ofShow MoreRelatedRegency Plaza Case Study - Risk Management Process, Review of the Options1247 Words   |  5 Pages3. Risk Management Process of the Regency Plaza Project Regency Plaza is a mixed-use multi million US dollar project carrying quite high stakes. So the risks of it should be evaluated beforehand and managed well in order to make sure that the project wouldn’t over run budget or time and end with a successful result. Here we use the â€Å"Four Stage Risk Management Process† to evaluate the risk management happened in Regency Plaza project. 3.1 Risk Identification Evaluation: how well the projectRead MoreOverview of Progressive Collapse of Bridges5071 Words   |  21 Pagesthe adequacy of existing building codes. After the partial collapse of Ronan Point apartm ent building, num ber of other collapses around the world took place, which could be placed in to category of progressiv e collapse. The collapse of Sky line Plaza in Virginia, the Civ ic Arena roof in Hartford, the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahom a City , the Khobar Towers - Saudi Arabia, the U.S. em bassies in Keny a and Tanzania, WTC Towers in New York were im portant collapse ev ents in the history ofRead MoreCompetitive Analysis - Hotel2391 Words   |  10 PagesHilton, Embassy Suites Hotels, Hilton Garden Inn,Mid-scaleHamptonBudgetN/AExtended StayHomewood Suites by Hilton, Home 2 Suites by Hilton, Vacation OwnershipHilton Grand Vacations | LuxuryIntercontinental Hotels and Resorts, Hualuxe,UpscaleCrowne Plaza Hotels and Resorts, Hotel IndigoMid-scaleHolliday Inn, Holliday Inn Resort,BudgetHolliday Inn ExpressExtended stayStaybridge Suites, Candle wood SuitesVacation OwnershipHolliday Inn Club Vacation,EVEN Hotels | LuxuryLe Meridien, The Luxury CollectionRead MoreRIXOS Essay6460 Words   |  26 Pagesï » ¿Running head: Rixos Rixos Hotel in Kazakhstan: Rixos President Astana and Rixos Almaty Marketing Project Subject Instructor: Group # Semester Marketing Plan: I. 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Luxury car majors in India - Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Audi put together have around 85% market share.Read MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 PagesIn most strategic management courses, cases are used extensively as a teaching tool.1 A key reason is that cases provide active learners with opportunities to use the strategic management process to identify and solve organisational problems. Thus, by analysing situations that are described in cases and presenting the results, active learners (that is, students) become skilled at effectively using the tools, techniques and concepts that combine to form the strategic management process. The cases

Events in Animal Farm by Geroge Ordwell Essay - 513 Words

Animal Farm 1. The general purpose of the seven commandme nts is not to govern Animal Farm justly, as it seems to the animals, but to be propaganda to make Animalism appealing. For instance, the first comma ndment, â€Å"Whatever goes on two legs is an enemy,† does not do anything for the animals themselves, but only demonizes man because he is the enemy of Animalism. By demonizing man, Animalism appeals to the animals’ resentment toward man. It also makes its alternative, being ruled by man, look far worse than itself, so that, despite the obvious faults of Animalism, no one will abandon it. The second commandment, â€Å"Whateve r goes on four legs, or has wings, is a friend,† serves to create an enticing se nse of unity and†¦show more content†¦Firstly, he attributes complex problems such as hunger and overwork to unbelievably simple causes, while complex problems almost always have complex causes. Sec ondly, Old Major is denying man’s role in God’s creation. God made man the lord ove r creation to use it with wisdom and reverence for his survival and well-being. If one man abuses his position like Mr. Jones, that does not make all men the enem ies of Nature. Old Major is also assuming that man is inherently evil. However, man has free will to make the choice to be good or evil. If man does evil deeds, it is only because he has made that choice, not because he was evil from the beginning. Finally, Ol d Major is implying that a single group, the animals, is free from guilt. This is unt rue because all are capable of sin and this becomes obvious later in the book. Thus, Ol d Major’s statements against humans are most definitely igno rant and naà ¯ve. 4. The Battle of Cowshed was a very exciting event in Animal Farm . It began when Mr. Jones and some other men came up the lane, l eading to the farm so that they could recapture it. Snowball led the defense agains t these invading humans. He first sent out the ducks and geese to peck at the men’s le gs, but the birds were easily driven back. Then Snowball decided to wait until the an imals could rush upon the humans in a surprise attack. After the men entered th e farm, Snowball allowed the humans to go as far as the

Ikea Supply chain Free Essays

How old are the students studying MU 123 ? Knowing that the number of students in MU 123 is 80 a questionair is been made to know the ages of those students as they are consider small segment from the AOU and we can from that know from this study know the avarage age of AOU students. 28 students were in the age of 18 – 21 18 student were in the age of 22 – 28 11 students were in the age of 25 – 28 9 students were in the age of 28 – 31 7 student s were in the age of 32 – 35 6 students were in the age of 35 – 40 1 student on were age above 40 Part (b) Collect relevant data needed to answer your question (stage C). This will involve choosing samples or designing questionnaires and key the data into a spreadsheet. We will write a custom essay sample on Ikea Supply chain or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the data you will need is secondary data that already exist in the internet or published literature and can be adapted for your investigation. You may refer to your text book, (Book A, pages 183 184) and learn more how to deal with data. When presenting your data it is important to provide the reference to the data source you are adapting. (30 marks). As it shows in the table below How old are the Students studying MU 123 Age Range 18-21 22 – 25 26-29 30-33 34-37 38-40 40 + Number 28 18 11 9 7 6 Percentage% 22. 50% 13. 75% 11 . 25% 8. 75% 7. 50% whenever the age increase the number of students decreases. 35% are the highest percentage with 28 students in their fresh years. 1. 25% are the lowest percentage with only 1 student enrolled above the age 40. 27. 5% are the number of students attending between 30 to 40 Part (c) Analyse the data that have been collected (stage A). This stage involves steps in summarising and measuring the collected data. The associated measures that we expect you use in your TMA are the mean, the mode, the median, range, interquartile range and standard deviation. You can use Microsoft Excel in presenting your data in bar charts or graphs as part of summarising your data. (more details on how to draw statistical pictures are explained In book D, Unit 1 1) (30 marks) calculating the mean: 1+6+7+9+11+18+28= = 1 1. 4 Calculating the meadian: Arrange the numbers by order: 1 6 7 9 11 Range = 28-1 = 27 QI-6 18 IQR= 18-6=12 Standard Deviation: Meadian Deviations (d) d (power of 2) 1-114 . = -10. 4 108. 6 = -5. 4 29. 16 -4. 4 19. 36 = -2. 4 5. 76 11-11. 4 . 4 0. 16 18-11. 4 = 6. 6 43. 56 28-11. 4 = 16. 6 275. 56 The mean of d(to power of 2) 108. 6 + 29. 16 + 19. 36 + 5. 76 + 0. 16 + 43. 56 + 275. 56 = 462. 8/7 66. 11 = 8. 13 is the standard deviasion = 66. 11 Square root of At the end we realize from all the above charts how the number of students will decrease as the age increases. How to cite Ikea Supply chain, Papers

Tight Little Lessons, Meant for Later free essay sample

Adam: a simple name, paired with a simple boy. The classic story: fifth grade girl meets preschool boy, and BOOM!—someone’s life changes. Sorry to say, but no, the story does not exactly play out with such†¦ elegance. Life is dirty, and as I soon found, so are preschoolers. My fifth grade teacher, Mrs. Spivey, thought that instead of having â€Å"Book Buddies,† our class would enjoy working with â€Å"Learning Buddies†Ã¢â‚¬â€ â€Å"a more noble pursuit† as she put it. Paired for a year and destined to spend an hour with a toddler each week —what could be easier? Adam has autism. At the tender age of three, he could not communicate with the world as he craved, refused the touch of others, and was blinded by bright lights. Warily, I began my year as a child’s â€Å"buddy.† Each week during the designated â€Å"Learning Buddy† time, I found myself chasing Adam around the gym on floor scooters or climbing on the mountain of mats together, throwing foam squares into each other’s faces. We will write a custom essay sample on Tight Little Lessons, Meant for Later or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the weeks flew by, a bond began to form. Though prone to screaming, flailing, and biting, I have never known a sweeter child. Adam began to take over my life; I found spending time with him irresistible. Friday mornings spent with Adam soon began to spill over into my free time. I found myself climbing over the baby-sized playground, baking woodchip pies, and searching for lost treasures. A boy originally unable to cope with the world found himself opening up to me. My time with Adam echoed throughout my time in Lourdes, France as a volunteer in the hospitalite working with maladies. Tom, a man in his mid-thirties with Down-Syndrome, became my friend. From holding Tom’s hand as we crossed a busy intersection to ensuring the correct sprinkles topped his gelato, I was by his side morning to night. Of the hospital pilgrims, Tom was the class clown: a self-proclaimed ladies’ man, Tom went from group to group offering jokes, wit, and tea. His boyish grin glowed, radiating confidence from every pore. When I spent time with Tom, I remembered Adam. â€Å"Jamie, please go to room twelve,† the intercom rang out. Summoned to Adam’s room, I quickly walked down the hallway. The teacher looked at me with desperation. â€Å"Adam’s in the gym screaming. Go, try, please†¦ He needs you now.† I ran to the gym and found Adam curled on the floor. He looked up, saw me, and stopped crying. Arms reaching, he tried calling out my name. â€Å"Jam†¦ Jam†¦ Jam†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I picked him up and nestled him against my collarbone, soothing him while his tears soaked my shirt and hair. The sound of his hiccups on my chest, his warmth and surrender into my arms, brought me to tears. I had never known how it felt to be needed, what it meant to have someone depend on me with complete trust. My relationships with Tom and Adam cannot compare, but both experiences helped me realize that there are no conclusions in life. There are complications, and situations are imperfectly dirty. One cannot deduce tight little lessons to tuck away and keep for later. The important thing is to live in the moment and enjoy the people who surround me. I must be prepared to be unprepared, and I look forward to the lack of elegance in my life.

Amara Holdings Limited

Question: Discuss about the Amara Holdings Limited. Answer: Introduction: The company owns hotels and the different others residential as well as the commercial properties throughout different parts of the Southeast Asia. One of its hotels in Saigon was sold in the year 2008 (Amaraholdings.com, 2016). The current trends throughout the market segments revealed that the demands of the properties are increasing in large numbers and the firm has the interest in two of the office buildings, five specialty restaurants, a shopping complex, three apartments and different residential properties.Moreover, the firm is looking forward to its expansion throughout different geographical areas with the help of developing and capturing new properties. The firm was incorporated in the year 1970 and traced its roots in the 1930s. Some of the top competitors of the firm are Keppel Corporation limited, Hotel properties limited and Wheelock properties limited. Company and industry analysis Sales have been considered to be one of the most crucial factors which help in the establishment of any of the firm concerned. There need to be effective strategies from the firm in order to entry into the new market segments for establishing its business processes (Ryz?ko, 2011). The pricing from the competitors and the selection of the geographical location for the development of the properties plays a major role in increasing the profitability in this particular industry. Therefore, Amara Holdings Limitedis planning to capture different locations in order to enhance the growth and the expansion of the business processes of the firm. References Amaraholdings.com. (2016).Amara Holdings. [online] Available at: https://www.amaraholdings.com/ [Accessed 13 Nov. 2016]. Ryzko, D. (2011).Emerging intelligent technologies in the industry. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer.

Pros and Cons of Wind Power free essay sample

Muhammad Meteorology Lab Professor Edward Perantoni The Pros and Cons of Wind Power There is no perfect energy source. Each and every one has its own rewards and drawbacks. In this paper I will explore the advantages and disadvantages of wind power. Today the world needs to look at the different natural energy sources available to us. Global warming could be due to our energy craving lifestyle, while considering this possibility let’s take a look at some of the pros and cons of wind power. It’s been said that wind energy can be a viable solution to most of our home energy bill problems. In addition to aiding us in decreasing our expenses on home energy, it is also environmentally friendly. Unlike many energy sources that release chemical substances into the atmosphere, wind generators only use wind power. It has no other byproducts that can damage our atmosphere causing ozone thinning and many other related problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Wind Power or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The only thing that the wind generator will produce is the cheap energy that you can use to power the appliances in your house. A few of the major advantages of wind power are that it’s clean, renewable, and relatively cheap. In addition to being friendly to the surrounding environment, no fossil fuels are burnt to generate electricity from wind energy. Wind turbines take up less space than the average power station. Windmills only have to occupy a few square meters for the base; this allows the land around the turbine to be used for many purposes, for example agriculture. Wind turbines can also come in a range of different sizes in order to support varying population levels. Newer technologies are making the extraction of wind energy much more efficient. The wind is free, and we are able to cash in on this free source of energy. While the advantages of wind energy tend to be global the disadvantages are more of a local nature. (1) The main disadvantage regarding wind power is down to the winds unreliability factor. In many areas, the winds strength is too low to support a wind farm. (2) Wind turbines generally produce less electricity than the average fossil fuelled power station, requiring multiple wind turbines to be built in order to make an impact. (3) The noise pollution from commercial wind turbines is sometimes similar to a small jet engine. This is fine if you live miles away, where you will hardly notice the noise, but if you live within a few hundred meters of a turbine this is can be a major disadvantage. I feel that there should be government involvement in the research and development of wind power projects. I believe that the government should aid in the development of new projects, construction planning, maybe provide some sort of certification of equipment, as well as providing loans and tax credits towards the building of wind power farms and turbines. A wind vane could be useful in helping to determine the direction of the wind in order to conserve energy.

Free Essays on Antigone

Creon’s hypocrisy in Antigone In Sophocles, Antigone, there is a new king of Thebes, no longer Oedipus, but Oedipus’ brother-in-law Creon, who is now the current leader and king of Thebes. The opening of the play is a private discussion between Antigone and Ismene, daughters of the exiled King Oedipus who have been entrusted to the care of the protagonist, Creon. Oedipus not only had two daughters, but he had two sons as well, Polynices and Eteocles. When the play begins Oedipus’ two sons have already been killed. Polynices and Eteocles act as the focus of the central conflict throughout the play. The controversy in Antigone is over the dead, and the rights of the dead. The conflict begins when Creon gives Eteocles proper burial rights, and refuses to bury the other son, Polynices. Creon not only refuses to bury Ploynices but also sets a decree to forbid anyone from burying the body. Antigone, sister of both Eteocles and Ploynices, disobeys Creon’s ruling to not bury her brother all the while knowing that the penalty is death. Creon sentences Antigone to death in a rocky vault below the ground for attempting to bury her brother. The controversy therefore surrounding Creon becomes is he a hypocrite for burying the living and not the dead? Creon sentences Antigone to death early in the play after learning that she has broken the law and buried Polynices. He gives her the death sentence with no hesitation. He is strong in his convictions and believes that she has broken the law and that she will therefore suffer the harshest of consequences. Haemon, Creon’s youngest son, and Antigone’s groom to be is outraged by the fact that his father is extremely stubborn in his decision to kill his fiancà ©. Haemon and Creon get into fierce an argument, hurling accusations at one another. Haemon eventually says to Creon, â€Å"You really expect to fling abuse at me and not receive the same?† (1353, lines 850-851) Her... Free Essays on Antigone Free Essays on Antigone Antigone’s Character Sketch World Literature Honors Antigone, the character for which the play was named, is a very complex character. She seems to change directions all throughout the play and there is never one point in which you know exactly what she will do because she is just that unpredictable. This unpredictability also makes her seem very hypocritical because she will say something and then turn on a dime and say the complete opposite. Antigone’s character is very intriguing strictly due to the fact that she keeps you guessing. The following will show the many variations that her character shows throughout the play. There are several points in the play that Antigone seems very heroic, especially when she is speaking to Creon about her reasoning for attempting to bury her brother. She reflects every aspect of a hero by trying to sneak out not once, but twice and then even more by standing up to Creon. All of these heroics, however, in a very short time make her l ook very selfish. After Creon tells her the story about her brother’s bodies, she takes the stance that she must bury her brother for herself. That all but erases the thought of her, as a hero because all of her actions that were thought to have been done for Polynices were only done to satisfy her own needs. The one characteristic of Antigone that seems to be constant throughout the play is her stubbornness. From the beginning of the play when she sneaks out to bury her brother after Creon had specifically told her not to, all the way to the end when she is given the opportunity to marry Haemon and go on living but forces her own death. She always seemed to fight everything for as long as possible, never taking the easy way out if it compromised her beliefs. In the end it was her stubbornness that ultimately killed her. Antigone also attempts to come across as the so-called ‘innocent victim’. When she is first found out and Creon confronts her, she pushes the f. .. Free Essays on Antigone The Significance of Divine Law – Does it Provide Justification for Crimes against the State? The importance of divine law versus the adherence to the laws of the state is a major theme explored throughout the play, Antigone. Creon (the king of Thebes) denounces Polyneices (Antigone’s dead brother) as a traitor, for he battled against his own city in a war. He has left the dead body of Polyneices unburied and out in the open as carrion. The king then says that anyone who tries to give Polyneices a proper burial will be stoned to death. Antigone, inspired by divine law, makes the decision to bury her dead brother’s body; both she and Creon provide justification throughout the play as to why they chose to act in the ways they did. In the beginning of Act II, the Sentry (one of Creon’s guards) enters to tell Creon that Polyneices has been buried. The idea that the gods may have buried the body is brought up by the Chorus; however, Creon dismisses the idea, claiming that the gods would never honor a traitor with a burial. Creon then orders the Sentry to find the person who has buried the body. Later in the act, the Sentry enters again, this time with Antigone. The Sentry tells Creon that Antigone is responsible for giving Polyneices the rites of burial. Creon asks Antigone if this is true. Antigone informs him that, indeed, she is the one who has buried Polyneices. Then, for the remainder of the act, Antigone and Creon engage in a verbal argument. Antigone’s argument is intended to justify her actions in taking responsibility to bury her brother. Creon aims to justify his decision to let Antigone’s dead brother rot. He also wishes to validate his choice to punish Antigone. Both An tigone and Creon base their actions on their beliefs of what is right and wrong. Thus, their quarrel arose because of their contrasting morals. The reader may feel moved to decide who is right. Act II throws out some ideas that sh... Free Essays on Antigone In the play, "Antigone" written by Sophocles, Antigone and Creon battle a philosophical war based on their beliefs of what is right and wrong. The conflict arose when the principles that backed up their actions clashed with each other, making it a contradiction between morals. Antigone's side of the conflict held a much more heavenly approach, as opposed to the mundane road that Creon chose to follow. The difference in the beliefs, opinions, and moral values of Antigone and Creon were seen through out the play. Antigone felt that Creon was disregarding the laws of heaven through his edict. After she is captured and brought to Creon, she tells him, "Your edict, King was strong, but all your strength is weakness itself against the immortal unrecorded laws of God. They are not merely now: they were, and shall be, operative for ever, beyond man utterly." Antigone's staunch opinion is one that supports the Gods and the laws of heaven. Her reasoning is set by her belief that if someone is not given a proper burial, that person would not be accepted into heaven. Antigone was a very religious person, and acceptance of her brother by the Gods was very important to her. She felt that "†¦I will bury him; and if I must die, I say that this crime is holy: I shall lie down with him in death, and I shall be as dear to him as he to me." Creon's order was personal to Antigone. His edict invaded her family life as well as the Gods. In Antigone's eyes, Creon betrayed the laws of the Gods by not allowin g her to properly bury her brother, Polynices. She believed that the burial was a religious ceremony, and Creon did not have the power to deny Polynices that right. Antigone's strong belief towards the burial of her brother is what, in many cases, led her to her death by the hands of Creon. Since Creon was ruler, whatever he said was the law, and since Antigone broke this "said" law Creon was in a sense to blame, because if there was no law Antigone wo... Free Essays on Antigone Creon’s hypocrisy in Antigone In Sophocles, Antigone, there is a new king of Thebes, no longer Oedipus, but Oedipus’ brother-in-law Creon, who is now the current leader and king of Thebes. The opening of the play is a private discussion between Antigone and Ismene, daughters of the exiled King Oedipus who have been entrusted to the care of the protagonist, Creon. Oedipus not only had two daughters, but he had two sons as well, Polynices and Eteocles. When the play begins Oedipus’ two sons have already been killed. Polynices and Eteocles act as the focus of the central conflict throughout the play. The controversy in Antigone is over the dead, and the rights of the dead. The conflict begins when Creon gives Eteocles proper burial rights, and refuses to bury the other son, Polynices. Creon not only refuses to bury Ploynices but also sets a decree to forbid anyone from burying the body. Antigone, sister of both Eteocles and Ploynices, disobeys Creon’s ruling to not bury her brother all the while knowing that the penalty is death. Creon sentences Antigone to death in a rocky vault below the ground for attempting to bury her brother. The controversy therefore surrounding Creon becomes is he a hypocrite for burying the living and not the dead? Creon sentences Antigone to death early in the play after learning that she has broken the law and buried Polynices. He gives her the death sentence with no hesitation. He is strong in his convictions and believes that she has broken the law and that she will therefore suffer the harshest of consequences. Haemon, Creon’s youngest son, and Antigone’s groom to be is outraged by the fact that his father is extremely stubborn in his decision to kill his fiancà ©. Haemon and Creon get into fierce an argument, hurling accusations at one another. Haemon eventually says to Creon, â€Å"You really expect to fling abuse at me and not receive the same?† (1353, lines 850-851) Her... Free Essays on Antigone Antigone, in Greek legend, was the daughter of Oedipus. When her brothers Eteocles and Polynices killed one another, Creon, king of Thebes, forbade the rebel Polynices’ burial. Antigone disobeyed him, performed the rites, and was condemned to death for what she had done. Now the question arises, "Did Antigone take proper action?". Was it just to go against her Uncle Creon’s wishes and go ahead and bury the brother that was to be left out for the vultures? Would it be better to leave the situation how they are? Could she go on about life trying not to think of how she left her own blood out in the open? Could Antigone act as if she did not care? Afterlife to the Greeks back then was far more important and sacred than living life itself. Everything they did while they were alive was to please the many gods they worshipped. They built temples for their Gods, made statues to symbolize their Gods, and had a different God to explain things that we now say are an act of mother nature. It may seem rather foolish to us when we study their beliefs and compare them to modern day beliefs. I am sure the Greeks would have considered us to be heathens and put us to death for our ways and beliefs. I think Antigone thought her act was courageous and valid. I myself would not have risked my life to ensure a proper burial for anyone, whether it was in modern times or back then. To go against authority and break the laws given by the monarch was a plain senseless act. When someone is dead we now know there is nothing else anyone or anything can do for them at that point. It is too bad the Greeks did not believe that. As I stated before, afterlife to the Greeks was more important than living life itself. The Greeks seemed to spend most if not all of their lives preparing in some way for their afterlives. The lives they led back then were consecutive to please the Gods. I feel that she deserved her punishment because of the fact that she knew what ... Free Essays on Antigone Antigone According to Aristotle, â€Å"Tragedy, then, is an imitation of a noble and complete action, having the proper magnitude†¦; it is presented in dramatic, not narrative form, and achieves, through the representation of pitiable and fearful incidents, the catharsis of such incidents† (Golden 11). Using the criteria established by Aristotle in Poetics, â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles displays the qualities of a tragedy. The principle character engages in an immense moral struggle (ending in death). Catharsis is accomplished through the catastrophic consequences of the main character’s actions. Throughout the play, the viewer experiences pity and fear for a number of the characters. In the opening scene, a conversation between Antigone and her sister Ismene introduces us to the folly that has befallen their family. They allow us to see that prior to their current circumstance, they have greatly suffered. Their mother has committed suicide. Their father, King Oedipus, has cast himself to exile. The gods have had no mercy upon their lives. War broke out between their two brothers, Polyneices and Eteocles. Polyneices invades against the city of Thebes, to regain the throne. Eteocles, who was the legitimate heir, goes to war with his brother. During battle the two brothers were slain, â€Å"by their hands dealing mutual death† (1.16). Not only must Antigone and Ismene survive their brothers, they learn that Polyneices will be shamed for all eternity if the law of Creon is to be obeyed. By the declaration of Creon, their uncle, and King, Polyneices will not have an honorable burial, but will be left to be fed upon by animals. We learn later in their conversation that Antigone has no mind to obey the law of a mortal man, but will cling to the laws of the Gods. It is here where she is introduced as the protagonist. She lets her plan of righting the wrong that is her brother’s fate be known to her sister. In return... Free Essays on Antigone One Woman’s Struggle for Equality Throughout the history of ancient Greece, women were treated as second-class citizens in every possible aspect. They were forbidden to own much property, they couldn’t vote, or even debate political issues. Women were supposed to obey men, and agree with everything they said and did. They weren’t even supposed to leave the house without a man’s permission. Their job was to stay home and rear the children. However, in the play Antigone, Antigone goes against the beliefs and defies the powerful tradition of male domination. In the play, Antigone’s life was filled with pain and sorrow. Her father had past away and then her two brothers Eteocles and Polnices fought and ended up killing each other. Even after all of this, Antigone had even more pain to deal with. Although her brother Eteocles had been given a proper burial, which which the gods expected, her brother Polnices had not. This was due to the fact that Antigone’s uncle Creon had become king and forbid and decreed against the burial of Polnices. (Sacks 22) Even though Antigone knows it is against the will of the king, she goes and gives Polnices a proper burial anyway. She acted out of obligation and duty to her family, other women, and the gods. Antigone didn’t fear death, but instead faced it with great bravery and strength. She defied a male establishment that was ruled by her own uncle, who was devoted to his law. She did so to remain devoted to her own values and beliefs. During this act of direct defiance of Creon’s rule, she says to him, â€Å"Sorry, who made this edict? Was it God? Isn’t a man’s right to burial decreed by divine justice? I don’t consider your pronouncements so important that they can just overrule unwritten laws of heaven.† (Sophocles 12) Antigone speaks out to Creon to show that she values the laws of God rather than the laws of Creon. This out lash and purposeful defiance of King Creon is an abs... Free Essays on Antigone The play â€Å"Antigone† is a tragedy of Greek Mythology. This story is about a young girl named Antigone and her struggles with a king named Creon, who is the newly titled King of Thebes. Antigone is a daughter of the former king Oedipus. Oedipus was not raised by his original parents, so when he is a man he unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. They had four children together; Antigone, Isemene, Polyneices, and Eteocles. When Oedipus becomes aware of his deeds he put out his own eyes, and laid himself down to die. â€Å"Antigone† is the recollection of his two daughters, Antigone and Isemene, of how their two brothers died. After Oedipus is dead, Polyneices and Eteocles battle each other for the thrown. They are both killed in battle. The next in line for the thrown is Creon. Once he is king, he gives a proud and proper burial to Eteocles, but puts out an order to everyone in Thebes that no one is to burry Polyneices because he was seen as a traitor. He was to be left in the spot where he died for the dogs and vultures to eat his corpse. Antigone is troubled by this ruling because she has pride for her brother, and doesn’t want him or his spirit to be shamed. She also does not want his rotting corpse to offend Zues, the ruler of all the gods. So she set upon her journey praying she is not discovered while committing the act. Once the news of Polyneices’ burial gets to Creon he orders the capture and execution of the culprit. Antigone is captured and sent to locked away in a tomb where she could either die or find a way to escape. Then Haimon, the son of Creon and husband to Antigone, enters the story. He pleads with his father to spare the life of Antigone, but is not successful. Creon is also given warning by an old, blind, prophet named Teiresias to let her free from death. Teiresias said, â€Å"These are no trifles! Think: all men make mistakes, but a good man yields when he knows his course i... Free Essays on Antigone Sophocles, â€Å"Antigone† is relevant for twenty-first century America. The relevance is that as American citizens we need to stand up for what we believe in no matter what the consequences, as well as to know why we believe what we believe. The play also causes readers of twenty-first century America to look at our leaders and ask whether or not the right president is in power to lead our country at this present time. Standing up for what you believe in is a very interesting issue. Many questions arise with that statement. What do you believe in? Why do you believe it? Would you be willing to stand up to the authorities over you if they went against what you believed? These are all questions that are very relevant in today’s society, especially with my generation. A lot of the modern youth of today don’t know what they believe, or why they believe it. The youth of America wouldn’t be willing to stand up for much of anything due to a fear of looking unintelligent when asked what they were standing up for and why. Antigone knows that the decision that Creon made regarding her brother Polyneice’s burial was unjust and is willing to stand up for what is right. Creon is burying one to desecrate the other Eteocles, they say, he has dispatched with proper rights as one judged fit to pass in glory to the shades. But Polynieces, killed as piteously, an interdict forbids that anyone should bury him or even mourn. He must be left unwept, unsepulchered, a vulture’s prize, sweetly scented from afar. That’s what they say our good and noble Creon plans: And now he’s coming here to publish it and make it plain to those who haven’t heard. Anyone who disobeys will pay no trifling penalty but die by stoning before the city walls. (345) Antigone was willing to stand up to the king no matter what the penalty. In today’s society many individuals prefer to do what is popular rather...

Nilson Mandela Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nilson Mandela - Essay Example During the early years of South Africa, racial discrimination was so apparent in this country because of the apartheid policy. This system provided inequality among its citizens and blacks were deprived of equal opportunities for work, housing, education and political power. The apartheid policy which was referred to as â€Å"separate development† in 1950 separated the blacks from the whites, enforced segregation in public facilities, and separate educational standards. The mounting pressures from the international community led to the dismantling of the apartheid policy in 1990, and eventually, the release of all black prisoners that included Mandela. (Robinson, Jr. n.d.) Nelson Mandela was so much opposed in this system and sought to end it by becoming a leader of several groups and movements to go up against the British system. For this, he was charged with activism and treason and was sentenced to life imprisonment. For several times, he was offered his freedom in exchange of promise that he would renounce his anti-apartheid ideals and violence but he refused. When he was released from prison on February 11, 1990, it was shown that he and his delegation agreed to the suspension of armed struggle. Robinson, n.d. said that when the South African Constitution was reformed in 1994, a general free election was held wherein; Mandela was the first democratically elected President of South Africa who served the country from May 10, 1994 to June 1999. His term legally ended the apartheid policy and put the racial discrimination to rest. In what ways did the efforts of Gandhi affect Mandela? Mandela was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi because of the parallelism on their beliefs on freedom struggles through non-violent process. Although born in India, Mahatma was an adopted citizen of South Africa and was one of those who shaped the liberation movement. Mandela followed Mahatma’s strategy of non-violent protest up to a point when the passive resistance can no longer stand the brute force of the oppressor. At first, sabotage was used because it did not mean loss of life, but later on they used militant force because Mandela believed that â€Å"force is the only language that imperialist can hear; and that no country became free who did not use force†. Mahatma also conceded to arms when necessary. Mahatma said: "Where choice is set between cowardice and violence, I would advise violence... I prefer to use arms in defense of honor rather than remain the vile witness of dishonor ..." Violence and nonviolence are not mutually exclusive; it is the predominance of the one or the other that labels a struggle. (â€Å"A tribute to Nelson Mandela† 2011) What parallels can be drawn between Mandela and Martin Luther King, Jr.? The two shared the same vision of emancipation of the blacks in their own countries; the blacks in South Africa, and the blacks in America. They are both aspirants of non-violent demonstration of protests and h ave gathered inspiration from Mahatma Gandhi. Both succumbed to prosecutions, arrests and subjected to personal abuse. Nonetheless, they were unaffected by the pursuits of government authorities and emerged as leaders of the people, steadfast in their desire for equality of men. Martin Luther King was recognized for his efforts on the civil rights movement, while Mandela was justified when he was elected as President of Sout

Automotive Technologies and the Environment Research Paper

Automotive Technologies and the Environment - Research Paper Example The automobiles are the prime cause of creating more carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbon. Whereas, the diesel engines are infamous for black smoke and gas turbines for the emission of soot, due to such reasons the automobiles are termed as one of the major sources of air pollution (Blarigan 1-19). Advancement in technologies has led to the creation of more dependence on vehicles for individuals’ primary means of transportation. As a result, the demand for vehicles has reached a new height in recent times, which in turn would increase the adverse effect on the environment. In this regard, traditional internal combustion technology will require fundamental development in order to achieve less emission of pollutants. Moreover, there is a major propensity that the adverse impacts of greenhouse gases can create multifaceted obligations if traditional internal combustion technology is being used (Ogden, Williams and Larson 7-27). Correspondingly, a prudent remedial measure can be achieved through an effective use of advanced technologies in the field of automotive engine and fuel technology, which will create less dependence on petroleum (Richard, â€Å"5 Technologies that Make Internal Combustion Engines Better†). Technology plays an imperative role in improving internal combustion technology through utilizing fuel saving technologies in the engines, along with direct injection, cylinder deactivation, turbochargers and variable valve timing and lift. Alternative automotive technologies can be referred to the advancement in the traditional internal combustion system through an increasing use of alternative fuel such as hydrogen, biodiesel and more effective technologies such as electrical and fuel cell vehicles. Effective use of alternative automotive technologies can act as a pioneering factor in reducing the emission of CO2 and energy

Indian Accounting Standards: Barriers and History

Indian Accounting Standards: Barriers and History Introduction In the year 2005, European Union made it mandatory for all the companies which were listed have to comply with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) requirements when presenting their financial statements. This marked the beginning when International Accounting standard Board (ISAB) was professed as â€Å"legitimate’’. Ever since then IFRS has spread swiftly across the world. Initially there were few hindrances like by the end of year 2004 â€Å"full text of endorsed IFRS was not even available in several EU languages’’. This research examines the evolution and obstacles to convergence of Indian Accounting Standards to IFRS starting 1st April 2011 when all the listed companies in India, will be required to present their financial statements in accordance with IFRS regulations. This research also highlights the need for the country like India, to converge their Local GAAP to IFRS. American Writer Mark Twain once commented on  India and said  Ã¢â‚¬Å"the cradle of the human race ,the birthplace of human speech ,the mother of history ,the grandmother of legend, and the great grandmother of human speech of the tradition.’’ India is now seen as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The increase of number of Indian companies being listed at various stock exchanges may it be NASDAQ, NYSE or LSE, the takeovers of companies like Corus by TATA or the exponential increment of Foreign Direct Investment in the country does indicate that India is now the destination where everyone wants to be a part of it. The strong economic growth, technological advancements, inflows of foreign exchange and the ever-increasing interest of almost every nation to be a part of this growth embraces the requirement of a common language in financial statements. (Purvis, gernon, and Diamond [1991]). Various studies done by researchers have concluded that â€Å"principle based standards are better enforced than rule based† and this becomes one of the reasons why harmonisation is becoming more and more essential. As far as advantages and disadvantages in adhering a common accounting rule there are still concerns within a country leave apart the issue of international convergence (Ray Ball, 2006). Only time will tell whether this convergence really serve the purpose or it was just a decision made in haste to be a part of so called IFRS â€Å"brand names’’ countries. IFAC Compliance Programme IFAC was founded in 1977 with New York as its Headquarters. Its initial purpose was â€Å"the development and enhancement of a coordinated worldwide accounting profession with harmonised standards†(brennan,1979). Presently it is â€Å"a global organisation for the accountancy profession† and as at 10th August 2009 IFAC has 158 members from 122 countries representing 2.5 million accountants. â€Å"Its formal mission is stated as being â€Å"To serve the public interest,IFAC will continue to strengthen the worldwide accountancy profession and contribute to the development of strong international economies by establishing and promoting adherence to high quality professional standards ,furthering the international convergence of such standards and speaking out on public interest issues where the profession’s expertise is most relevant. To carry out this mission ,we work closely with our member bodies and regional accountancy organisations and obtain the input of regulators, standard-setters, governments and others who share our commitment to creating a sound global financial architecture†(IFAC,2006). IFAC does not set International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) are not set by IFAC rather these are set by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) . The IFAC Board formed â€Å"the Member Body Compliance Program† to ensure that all the members adhere to the standards set by IFAC for its membership. The primary objective of which was to encourage members and strive for improvement in this area of compliance. The IFAC Compliance program is overseen by the Compliance Advisory Panel. The primary objective of Compliance Advisory panel is to make sure that the IFAC compliance program is properly implemented as well as properly operated by the staff members of IFAC. Statements of Membership Obligations The IFAC Board through its Statement of Membership Obligations (SMOs) issue guidelines for the members to assist in implementation of â€Å"International standards† which are issued by IFAC and International Accounting Standard Board (IASB). The motto of SMOs is to provide pre-requisites for â€Å"quality assurance† and to investigate any disciplinary actions against any members. All the IFAC members also have to participate in a program which is in three parts. The main purpose of this programme is that it â€Å"seeks to understand whether and how the SMO requirements are being fulfilled†.  The information from this program helps the compliance committee to evaluate whether the members have prudently adhered to all the SMO requirements. These responses by the Members are taken on a periodical basis. Any changes in â€Å"legal and regulatory environment† or any other development made by any member is to be informed to this committee. This information is also updated in a questionnaire which is available online, by all  the members and if there are any changes  than the members are supposed to inform  the compliance committee which publishes these updated responses on IFAC website. Part 1 of this questionnaire is â€Å"Assessment of the Regulatory and Standard-Setting Framework†.  This Questionnaire provides information  from its members about their â€Å"regulatory and standard-setting framework in their jurisdiction†. Part 2 is â€Å"SMO Self Assessment† which requires members to fill  up a â€Å"self assessment questionnaire† which indicates how the members have incorporated or  implemented  international standards which are issued by IFAC and the IASB. This questionnaire also helps the committee to know whether all the members have adhered to professional standards set by the governing bodies. Part 3, of the questionnaire is about â€Å"Action Plans†. This questionnaire requires that members to â€Å"to develop action plans, including identifying tools, resources, and regulatory changes to address areas identified through the Part 2 self-assessment†. Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3 questionnaires are accessible to public at large. Literature Review â€Å"Harmonization, standardization, and uniformity are all terms used in the literature and in previous research† (Iordanis N.Floropulos, 2006). According to Van der  Tas (1988): â€Å"Materially measurable harmonization is an increase in the degree of comparability and means that more companies in the same circumstances are applying the same accounting method to an event or giving additional information in such a way that the financial reports of more companies can be made comparable.’’ Harmonisation can be understood as a procedure by which the gap between different accounting practices are reduced (Doupnik,1987). Sir David Tweedie, Chairman of International Accounting Standards Board said â€Å" If they all use the same methods and the accounting for one transaction is the same in Sydney, as in Seattle, as in Strasburg, and in Sheffield , then they will know where they are, and there is a demand for that type of certainty.†(FEI 2001). Mark T.Bradshaw and Gregory S.Miller(2007) also reiterated the same and argued that the evidences are in favour of a single set of Accounting Standards which will â€Å"increase the comparability of accounting information across the countries that differ economically, politically ,and culturally†. Emphasising the need for a â€Å"common set of accounting standards† IASB, laid three broad objectives: a)  Improvement : Improvement in existing standards, b)  Convergence : Reducing the gap between different accounting standards followed in different geographical regions, c)  Leadership : Addressing issues not resolved and developing new standards( Geoffrey Whittington,2005) â€Å"The principles behind the adoption of International Accounting Standards by different countries have always been the subject of controversy in accounting literature† (D.Zeghal, K.Mhedhbi, 2006).India’s decision to converge to IFRS is perceived by many researchers as premature decision. Although harmonisation of accounting standards not only enhances the quality of financial reporting, increases the comparability of financial statements but without considering of â€Å"country specific environment factors† the logic/reasons for such convergence will be forfeited. Talaga and Ndubizu (1986) insisted â€Å"that a country’s accounting principles must be adapted to its local environmental conditions†. In fact, Perera(1989a) went much ahead and stated that â€Å"the accounting information produced according to developed countries is not relevant to the decision models of less developed countries†. Case studies by different researchers with respect to developing countries have not reached any consensus whether the convergence or so called â€Å"follow the Bandwagon approach† for IFRS’s will have or is having any positive effect on economic growth. It is yet to be seen that whether India will adopt IFRS or will converge its accounting standards to IFRS. Larson (1993) studied the economic growth effect of African countries with and without these standards. His results show a positive correlation in economic growth rate with adoption of IFRS’s when adapted with â€Å"country’s local condition†. But Woolley (1998) researched the effect of such convergence or adoption of IFRS’s in Asian countries and he concluded that there are â€Å"no significant differences in the economic growth rates†. This again emphasises the fact that researchers have distinct opinion on whether IFRS adoption results in better economic growth or does not have any significant role. Researchers like Wolk, Francis ,and Tearney (1989) argued that ,harmonisation of accounting standards is â€Å"beneficial for developing countries because it provides them with better-prepared standards as well the best quality accounting framework and principles†. Chamisa (2000) studied the â€Å"usefulness of IAS’’ for developing countries. In his case study of Zimbabwe, he argued that these standards do have a positive impact on the emerging financial markets in the developing countries. â€Å"Economic conditions are a major determinant in the development of a country’s accounting system† D Zeghal, K Mhedhbi (2006). No doubt with the present economic growth in India  which is presuming better than in any other developing nation, IFRS will definitely boost this growth. India, by adopting IFRS gives a platform for itself where the financials can be compared easily with the peers across the globe.  According to Alhashim and Arpan (1992), who argued that â€Å"environmental forces influencing accounting are economic forces, social forces, the legal system, culture, and the political system†.   Though the legal structure or political system or culture might have an impact of financial reporting but there are other factors which have greater impact than these. One of these can be the education standards of the professionals in a country. As IFRS are more principle based so lots of prudence will be required from the professionals .  Cooke and Wallace (1990) added to these and argued that factors such as Size of business, education level, history of country, level of wealth, their development of financial markets may have influence on accounting standards. Accounting standards are governed by economics and politics( Watts,1977 ; Watts and Zimmerman,1986) so convergence has more or less enhanced integration of markets and politics across the borders (Ball,1995). D Zeghal, K Mhedhbi (2006) gave five hypotheses on the basis of these environmental forces. In his first Hypothesis he argues that if the country economic growth increases then the chances of adoption of the International Accounting Standards increases. This hypothesis correlates with the present status of a country like India which is exponentially growing. To maintain this growth rate it needs to be in line with global standards which will increase it â€Å"legitimacy†. As a result of which the foreign investments will increase. In the second hypothesis he argues that the probability of adoption of IFRS increases with the increase in education level. This simply means that there is a positive relationship between educational level and the competence of the professional accountants. This hypothesis indicates that â€Å"in countries where the educational level is low and expertise is weak, there is a real barrier to the adoption of IAS†.  This infers that if a country wants to adopt IFRS then it needs to strengthen its educational level. This raises few concerns if test this hypothesis with the current situation in India where there is scarcity of experts who have good knowledge of IFRS. In his third Hypothesis which states that if a developing country has â€Å"high degree of external economic openness it will be more inclined to adopt IAS†. India being one of the fastest growing nations with increasing foreign investments is an ideal case for adoption of IFRS’s as per this hypothesis. Sir David Tweedier, IASB Chairman restating uniformity of accounting standards argued â€Å"As the world’s capital markets integrate, the logic of a single set of accounting standard is evident. A single set of international standards will enhance comparability of financial information and should make the allocation of capital across the borders more efficient. The development and acceptance of international standards should also reduce compliance costs for corporations and improve consistency in audit quality.† Abdelsalam and Weetman (2003) argued that a factor like â€Å"familiarity and language† seems to favour countries which are Anglo-American because of obvious reasons. One being Anglo-American predominantly had a greater influence in the formulation and development of IASB and the other being, English being language of communication. Chamisa (2000) found that he anticipates that the developing countries which have â€Å"Anglo-American culture† will find it easier to adopt IFRS. This becomes the Fourth Hypothesis. In his Fifth and final hypothesis D Zeghal and and K Mhedbi states that developing countries which have capital markets are most likely to adopt/converge to IFRS. This hypothesis emphasises the need and why India as a country should adopt IFRS. With the present scenario where all capital markets are hitting new lows, Indian markets are performing far better than any other markets across the globe. But one should always In a recent report by world bank, it has been reported that Asian countries are recovering from the present financial crises.  Research done by Adhikari and Tondkar (1992) showed the similar results, that adoption of a â€Å"particular accounting system† is effected by the existence of capital market. Adhikari Tondkar (1992) specifically argued that â€Å"country’s level of economic growth has a positive effect on the development of accounting system and practices†. L.L.Rodrigues, R.Craig(2007) in their research by using â€Å"Hegelian dialectic concept of thesis, antithesis and synthesis† gave  innovative approaches for convergence of  local accounting standards with IFRS’s. They went on to and argued that â€Å"in modern society, the global harmonization of accounting standards might be regarded as uncontroversial, unremarkable, and inevitable†. Hegel in his â€Å"theory of dialectic† laid a concept which states that â€Å"contradiction is regarded as the root of all change† (hegal, 1969). He argued that change is inevitable and brings in a new structure or a concept( a thesis) which always have contradictions, which is always opposite to what stated (antithesis) but which brings in something new which is in-between both the concepts(synthesis). Referring to this concept L.L.Rodrigues, R.Craig argued that A thesis to be a â€Å"support for globalization of accounting† and Antithesis can be said to be â€Å"conflict area† that means opposing globalization of accounting. As a consequence of thesis and antithesis another view is generated this is referred as synthesis. They outlined few proposals which arose due to thesis and antithesis.  In one of the proposals they argued that all the companies should follow their national accounting standards and prepare their financial statements accordingly. At the same time these companies should also enclose few annexure in the form of reconciliation with the International accounting standards (hoarau, 1995). In their second proposal they argued that countries should â€Å"seek regional harmonization of accounting standards† (European Union or ASEAN countries). Analysing the â€Å"regional paradigm† of harmonisation of accounting standards, Saudagaran and Diga (1997, p.2,16-7) claims that in 1997 European Union supported the idea of regional harmonisation and also in the year 1992-1993 AFA â€Å"pursued regional  harmonization as a policy objective†. Referring to The Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) which is an â€Å"an Islamic international autonomous non-for-profit corporate body that prepares accounting, auditing,  governance, ethics and  shari’a standards for Islamic financial institutions and the industry†. These standards â€Å"are either mandatory or used as guidelines by the regulators in.the kingdom of Bahrain, Dubai International financial centre ,Jordan, Lebanon, Qatar, Sudan and Syria (http://www.aaoifi.com/overview.html). These arguments are in favour of â€Å"dual standards†. Also many countries have adopted IFRS but not for all companies rather they have two tier system. One for big corporate houses and the other for small and medium-sized entities (SMEs). Because it is the cost factor which is bothering these smaller entities. But this view is not supported by the big international accounting firms, who caution that â€Å"a two standard system, where some companies continue to use national GAAP ,may be difficult to maintain in the long run.[and] governments and national setters [should] develop formal convergence plans to eliminate these dual standards†(Larson and Street ,2004,p.113). L.L. Rodrigues and R.Craig also argued that companies might think full adoption of IFRS but practically it will more like to have â€Å"ostensible compliance† that is â€Å"in the form of window dressing to appease capital markets or other users of financial information†. Chand (2005) throws a caution on Developing countries who are tempted to be a part of so called IFRS compliance members without evaluation the â€Å"cost and benefit involved in implementing IFRS†. He also emphasises the need to â€Å"improve the level of professional expertise in IFRS† before adoption or convergence to IFRS. Similar caution was advised by Shyam Sunder (2009) in his commentary â€Å"IFRS and the Accounting Consensus† stating â€Å"Get aboard if you do not wish to be left behind on the platform† cannot be a reason to converge or adopt IFRS. He argues that the standards should be developed not just as rules but rather it should be restricted to principles. Secondly a single set of accounting standards should be applied to companies especially those which are traded as it helps investors/stakeholders to compare them with their peers across the globe. Further he argues that there should be a body which must be consisting of professionals and experts which can act as a regulatory just as Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) does in United States. He emphasis the need of educating professional to a level that they can interpret IFRS’s in a prudent manner. Financial Accounting Standard No. 157 (FASB 2006) which states that the companies can value their assets in any one of the three methods given in this standard. These methods are mark-to-market or mark-to-model or mark-to-judgement. The last method gives liberty to companies to value â€Å"as they deem fit†. Warren Buffet called this as â€Å"mark-to-myth†. Clarifications on such concept of â€Å"fair† valuation are needed as it gives an opportunity for accountants to mislead the users of the financial statements. He argues that the standard setters should minimize this â€Å"need for judgement† by properly responding to the queries/objections/sug gestions raised by the professionals on these standards. Shyam Sunder (2009) also stated a practical reason as far implementation of IFRS’s goes. He states any professional anywhere across the globe â€Å"who has been drilled to memorize the specifies† of their own national accounting standards will find it quite difficult to now thoroughly understand and cope up with the clauses of IFRS’s. Also there is only one language in these internationally acceptable accounting languages and that is English only. So those nations like China, Japan or say Italian or German would not find exact version of these standards. And we are talking about a common language of Financial Reporting. One of the past presidents of The Institute of Chartered Accountants (ICAI) states â€Å"people who invest overseas naturally want to be able to keep track of the financial health of the securities issuers. Convergence of accounting standards is the only means to achieve this. Only talking the same language one can understand each other across borders†. N.C.Shil (2009) argues that though harmonisation will give an effect in the form of â€Å"global community as a single entity†. But there are major concerns when it comes to adoption of IFRS’s in United States where US GAAP is still functional. And it is yet to be seen as how far they will converge or they will just adopt. Secondly, different countries have â€Å"different legal, economic, social and cultural environments† and it is very essential to analyse these differences as they just cannot be written off just to make sure that we are in line with internationally acceptable reporting standards. Thirdly, they emphasised the need of implementation not just adoption. It is quite a tedious task to implement without adequate  regulatory authority. IFRS’s are principle based standards so again load of prudence will be required by the professionals who were implementing rules based accounting standards till date. Another issue which is inevitable is the scarcity of skilled manpower in developing countries. China has reported a â€Å"shortfall of 300,000 qualified accountants and is likely to require a further three million† in times to come (N.C.Shil, 2009). More or less the same is the condition if we talk about India. At present with the current state of affairs â€Å"The ROC Mumbai has over 150,000 registered companies out of which approximately 50 percent file their documents. Over 5,000 new companies are registered every year.ROC Mumbai has 4 staff who are employed to scrutinize these fillings, none of them of whom are Chartered Accountant or Company Secretaries’’.  Analyse the situation of now if India without a proper infrastructure (skilled manpower) adopt or converge to IFRS.   The concern at this hour is whether the adoption is â€Å"merely as a label† or there is a serious commitment to it. If the IFRS’s are adopted with such an  intension then this will lead to increase in  transparency , substantially  decrease â€Å"information asymmetry, uncertainty and estimation risk†, and as a will result in  Ã¢â‚¬Å"lower cost of capital and higher market liquidity†(Leuz and Verrecchia, 2000; Lambert et al., 2007a). This hypothesis was analysed by H.Daske,L.Hail,C.Leuz and R.Verdi (2007) who examined IFRS adoption by 24 countries between 1988 to 2004  and concluded that these the firms show a substantial decrease in cost of capital and exhibit â€Å"higher market liquidity† after converting themselves from their Local GAAP to IFRS.  The problem faced even by European countries was the lack of clarity at the time of first-time adoption of IFRS. This issue still persists and there are still no clarifications on â€Å"tra nsactions of specific nature such as pension and other post-retirement benefits† (R.K.Larson, D.L.Street 2004). â€Å"The focus tends to be on what the rules say, not on how they are implemented in practice’’  (Ray Ball, 2006). In practice this has been a major concern even in Europe where implementation is still a major concern. Developing countries like India need to understand that mere restructuring or reorganisation of the standard setting body would not resolve this crisis. But including Government agencies on their board will overcome this tedious task of implementation (Peter Carlson,1997). â€Å"The harmonisation of such standards is regarded to be neither practical nor truly valuable† (Goeltz, 1991, p.85) possibly because â€Å"investors may have developed adequate coping mechanism so that their financial decisions are not impeded†(Choi and Levich,1991,p.2) Because different users require different information it is difficult to satisfy their financial reporting needs with the constraints of a set of inter national accounting standards. A survey of 112 companies in India ,by Ernst Yong showed 67% of them welcomed the decision of convergence to IFRS. But majority of them were susceptible with the deadline set by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and the reasons stated were quite obvious. One being the cost, whether it up gradation of IT software or cost of skilled manpower. The other reason was the jugglery in the statutory laws. The Tax laws, Companies Act 1956  and all other statutory laws are yet to be modified and in a manner that they are in line with the IFRS regulations. Taking a clue from the nations who have already transited to IFRS India as a country needs to analyse the cost benefit ratio before implementing these IFRS regulations. â€Å"UK companies recorded an average of  £ 625,000 for IFRS conversion training in 2005†. Also Securities Exchange commission has reported that â€Å"average US corporation will spend nearly $ 32 million in IFRS adoption cost†. Also there is a mixed feeling of whether India will follow full IFRS regulations or will opt for â€Å"modified country specific version† like in European Union ,Singapore, Japan or Australia. Ray Ball(2006) on â€Å"International Financial reporting Standards: Pros and Cons† argued that without any doubts the â€Å"high quality† standards have now been  adopted by more than 100 countries is in itself commendable. On the other side he predicts the problems with the â€Å"fascination† of IASB and FASB with â€Å"fair value accounting†. When market prices are available, for any assets, then the opportunity of manipulation by managers decreases. However there is a flaw that the managers can still manipulate by using â€Å"mark-to-model† accounting. This particular clause in IFRS increases gives an opening to managers to fabricate the valuations as per their discretion. However , IASB and FASB are determined to go move ahead with â€Å"fair value accounting† and FASB member L.Todd Johnson commented â€Å"The Board has required greater use of fair value measurements in financial statements because it perceives that information as more relevant to investors and creditors than historical cost information. Such a measures better facilitate assessing their past performance and future prospects. In that regard, the Board does not accept the view that reliability should outweigh relevance for financial statement measures† Ball, Robin and Wu(2003) investigated â€Å"the relationship between accounting standards and the structure of other institutions on the attributes of financial reporting system†. The study was based on four Asian countries namely Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. They argued that these countries have a greater influence towards International Accounting Standards which as a result should produce high quality financial reporting. But the â€Å"institutional structures that provide incentives to issue low quality reports† (Robert W. Holthausen, 2003). Hence Ball, Robin and Wu predicted that outcome of such structure will have a negative impact of financial reporting. Researchers are also of the view that the manner in which the European Union is formed, in the same manner Asian Countries can come together and come to a common consensus which allows â€Å"free mobility of capital, Labour and enterprises across the national borders of its member countries†.( Peter Carlson, 1997). Inida History and Overview India is a Sovereign, Secular, Democratic Republic country. It has a Government or rather â€Å"Parliamentary system of Government†. The President is the constitutional head .In the states it is the Governor who acts as a representative of the president. There are 28 states and 7 Union territories. Each and every part of the country has a different and unique â€Å"demography, history and culture, dress, festivals, languages etc†. India is â€Å"seventh-largest country by its geographical area, second most populous country and the most populous democracy in the world†. In India, responsibility of maintaining high standards in accounting, auditing and ethical standards are bestowed on the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). The Institute was established in 1949 under an act of Parliament. The headquarters of this accounting body is in New Delhi. The Institute also has five regional offices situated in Mumbai, Chennai, Kanpur, Kolkata, and New Delhi, along with these regional offices the Institute has 117 branches across the country. The Institute has also 19 chapters outside India and an office in Dubai. Presently the Institute has enrolled 350,000 students and 140,000 members. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India is presently the Second largest accounting Body in the world. The Institute has maintained high standards of applicability of Accounting and Ethical standards in India. Except the recent saga of Satyam Computers no major incidence of this stature had ever been reported from India. Applicability of IFRS in India Under the new system the following companies or entities will have to comply with the IFRS requirements: a)  Companies which are listed in any of the recognised stock exchanges. b)  Banks, Insurance companies and Financial Institutions c)  Companies which in the preceding year had a turnover or more than Rs 1 billion. d)  Companies which in the preceding year had borrowings in excess of Rs 250 million. e)  Holding or subsidiary of any of the above companies At present IFRS is not applicable to SME’s. Differences between the prsent regime under local GAAP and IFRS There are issues which really putting doubts in the mind of professionals or the users of financial statement which needs immediate attention. Following are few of them: 1)  As per the companies act 1956, there are specified rates for depreciation to be charged to assets by every company. The clause states that every company must charge a minimum rate of depreciation to each and every asset held. IFRS does not recognise this concept of â€Å"minimum depreciation†. 2)  In India, every amalgamation must be approved by the High Court. There is no such obligation in IFRS regulation. 3)  Clause 41 of the listing agreement clearly states that there should be a separate presentation of  extraordinary items in the financial reporting of the listed companies whereas IFRS prohibits such presentation of extra-ordinary items. 4)  IFRS conversion will have a direct impact on the reporting of Indian Banks. The transition to IFRS will affect reported net-worth, capital adequacy and available capital for all Indian Banks.  Report on â€Å"IFRS convergence: Challenges and Implementation Approaches for Banks in India† argues that there will be a â€Å"significant impact† on the Banking industry in India particularly in the reporting of Financial Instruments, Derivatives and provisions to be made in case of loss on loans and advances. The† Financial parameters† such as Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and â€Å"valuation metrics† on the basis of which the analysis is done, predictions on future aspects of the company are made will change drastically once IFRS is implemented.