The Movie Django

Gary L. Willis AFRS 55T (T&[emailâ protected]:30) Dr. T. Hasan Johnson 02. 23. 13 Extra Credit The Movie â€Å"Django Unchained† The goal of this paper is to survey a portion of the aftereffects of the conversation panel’s investigation of specific parts of this film identify with the Hip-Hop culture. On Thursday, February 21, 2013, I went to a board conversation facilitated by the Africana Studies Department of Fresno State University. It was directed at the African American Museum, Fresno California. Its motivation was to assess this movie’s impact on us (essentially Black-Americans), by investigating components of this movie.This film presents Black manliness and gentility during the 1860s subjection time of America utilizing characters that depict slaves as puerile and idiotic (the Betina or D'Artagnan), fierce (the Mandingo or Django), hypersexual (Sheba) and fainthearted (all the dark male slaves). These subjugation made portrayals of Black manliness ( the Buck) and gentility (the Jezebel/Mulattoe) are pertinent to Hip-Hop since they are the prevail characters being proffered as diversion in the greater part of Hip-Hop videos.The cliché persona of â€Å"The Buck† in the recordings is the Gangsta/Thug and â€Å"The Jezebel/Mulattoe† is the Bitch/Ho†both are servitude made generalizations. The Jezebel/Mulatto (Bitch/Ho) The Buck (Gangsta/Thug) Another part of this film pertinent to Hip-jump culture is the word â€Å"nigger†, utilized relentlessly in the film, similarly as, its transformed variant, â€Å"Nigga† is utilized unremittingly by Hip-Hoppers, in discussion and in their videos.Since language is one of the seven fundamental component all things considered, the use of the word â€Å"nigger† was examined by the board and crowd and because of this conversation, we concurred thatâ€without the utilization of the word â€Å"nigger†, â€Å"Django Unchained† would not be legit imate; in light of the fact that, in this film, â€Å"nigger† is an illustrative term, used to depict property, e. g. a slave or slavesâ€with no malignance expected. Here are two models, pony or ponies and house or housesâ€ergo, nigger or niggers.The just character that utilizes â€Å"nigger† other than as a portrayal of property is Stephen (the â€Å"Uncle Tom† played by Samuel L. Jackson). He utilized the word â€Å"nigger† to debase his individual dark slaves. Similarly as with the motion pictures utilization of â€Å"nigger†, the equivalent can be said about Hip-Hop recordings, they would lose its validness without the utilization of the word â€Å"Nigga† in light of the fact that â€Å"Nigga† in Hip-bounce is an illustrative turn, however not at all like â€Å"nigger† it adaptability. For instance, it tends to be utilized depict a relationship and its significance changes relying upon who is stating it and to whom.Fo r model, in the film when a Slave-ace says â€Å"My nigger†, it doesn't have a similar importance as a Gangsta/hooligan or Jezebel/Mulattoe in a Hip-Hop video saying, â€Å"My Nigga†. The Slave-experts are portraying their property, while the Hip-Hoppers are depicting their connections. During the crowd interest segment of this conversation, a youthful person of color in the crowd (Christopher Jackson) portrayed how much the film upset him.He likewise imparted to us, the degree to which it caused him to acknowledge how horrendous subjugation was; and how much enduring his progenitors needed to suffer; with the goal that he can appreciate the social liberties he has today. He stated, â€Å"Now I genuinely value my predecessors and men like Martin and Malcolm, who caused a definitive penance with the goal that I to can appreciate the opportunity I have today. † Personal Reflections If the intentions in making â€Å"Django Unchained† are to make us mindful o f how much our progenitors endured under the burden of subjection and to cause us to appreciate our opportunity; at that point, Christopher Jackson’s words are a demonstration of this movie’s achievement in both endeavors!In conclusionâ€I, alongside numerous members in this conversation, delighted in â€Å"Django Unchained† and expectation that there will be more motion pictures made that uncover the detestations of subjugation, and that, additionally advance constructive pictures of people of color and ladies. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ [ 1 ]. This paper was submitted as additional credit for AFRS 27, 55T and 144 [ 2 ]. Up to this time, us, we, and our alludes to Black-Americans [ 3 ]. Donald Bogle, Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies and Bucks

Pleasantville the use of colour Essay Example for Free

Pleasantville the utilization of shading Essay Talk about why the movie producers chose to utilize both highly contrasting and shading in Pleasantville Pleasantville was discharged in September 1998 however is set for the most part in a 1950s sitcom after the principle characters are sent into a televison on the grounds that the two fundamental characters, David and Jennifer broke their TV remote; impairing their TV. Gary Ross utilizes shading to make the watcher consider significant occasions ever, to put over some significant messages and furthermore, utilizing shading little referances are made all through the film to verifiable occasions. His principle messages are about socialism and the mcarthy time during the 1940s to 50s, the dark rights development and a feeling of a hopeful reality. This is completely appeared by the slow changing of the shade of items and individuals in Pleasantville. The Mcarthy time was a period during the virus war from the late 1940s to the late 1950s where America feared socialism. It was named to critisize the activities and supporters or Senitor Mcarthy who lead numerous political witch chases, anyway the mcarthy period reached out back before Senetor Mcarthy had a section in it and the term is utilized to sum up this period in time. In these political chases, anybody could be acused of being a socialist, particularly government individuals and individuals in media outlets (like Gary Ross father who was additionally an executive). These individuals could have everything detracted from them, and numerous positions were lost in America because of these witch chases, the individuals being referred to would be tossed infront of a jury and be compelled to admit different socialists and how the individual being referred to had overstepped the law. This is indicated when Bud (the fundamental character played by Toby Maguire) and Mr.Jonson (the nearby retailer) is taken and has been put being investigated, without a legal advisor and an opportunity to guard themselves. They are taken in light of the fact that they were hued and didn't adjust with Code of Public Conduct which was built up when the high contrast occupants of Pleasantville are terrified of progress and being in shading, much like the individuals in the Mcarthy time. The individuals of the Mcarthy period were terrified of progress, they saw change and needing opportunity a method of revolting and needing to oust the left wing, fair government. This is extremely two-faced as America depicted itself to be The pioneer of the free world. Numerous things were done to stop this, for instance when the high contrast individuals of Pleasantville crushed the shaded stain glass window with a seat. The utilization of shading for this situation is appeared to separate the two gatherings of individuals: the new age of individuals, open to change and not frightened of things to come (the minorities individuals) and the more seasoned molded age, stuck in a rut and scared of progress (the highly contrasting individuals). The other major chronicled occasion envisioned is the significant African-American social equality development in the late 1950s. This is portrayed by minorities individuals (signfying the African American individuals) being isolated from the highly contrasting individuals (meaning the white), this is obvious in the court scene shading partitioned scenes, particularly like the connection between white supremists and the dark populace of America around then.

Stonehenge Essays (1568 words) - Stonehenge, Henges,

Stonehenge Stonehenge Stonehenge is one of the universes most popular landmarks of the antiquated occasions. Stonehenge represented more than 5,000 a long time, and still we don't have the foggiest idea about the full utilization of this secretive course of action of stones. Stonehenge remains asan old landmark that despite everything propose puzzles to it birthplace and reason. From the start, researchers had no idea as to who assembled Stonehenge. The Romans, Egyptians, and the Phoenicians were completely proposed to have been a potential maker of Stonehenge. Later examination demonstrated that none of these refined assembled Stonehenge. Reality of Stonehenge is that three unique societies added to this megalithic landmark. The primary gathering started development around 3100 B.C.. Neolithic herders started the initial phase in the development of Stonehenge. The initial segment of this landmark started as a humble roundabout discard. Inside this circle 56 gaps were burrowed. These opening, later named Aubrey Holes after their pioneer, introduced puzzles to researchers for a considerable length of time. These peculiar gaps filled two needs. The first, and increasingly significant explanation, is that these gaps went about as a lunar calender. The moon has a cycle for it's shrouds. When a lunar overshadow happens, another won't occur for a long time. After those nineteen years, the moon will, by and by, overshadow. The following, also, last, obscuration of this cycle happens eighteen years after the past overshadow. These years indicate be fifty-six. Researchers accept that a stone was put in one gap in the circle. Every year, the stone would be moved to the following gap. Thusly the antiquated individuals could monitor the moon. The other explanation has a sullen side to it. In a portion of the Aubrey gaps, stays of people were found. These remaining parts were first incinerated, at that point put into the openings. This recommends that Stonehenge could have gone about as an internment site, and perhaps a sanctuary wherein human penances were made. None of these speculations have been demonstrated, however these reasons are the main possible clarification to these openings. The subsequent period is what the most information can be found on. The subsequent period started at about 2100B.C.. The Beaker individuals, a gathering which loved the sun, added to the landmark it's first enormous stones. The main thing done is that any of the stones that were at that point there were evacuated. Next, thirty huge stones were brought to the site. The stones, each gauging great more than five tons, were to go about as the mainstays of the new landmark. These stones were known as the Sarsen Stones, coming from what they are made of. These stones, be that as it may, are just 66% over the ground. The other third is covered to shield the immense column from toppling over. The Beaker individuals made two concentric circles, the internal circle estimating seventy four meters in measurement, and the external circle eighty six meters. The external circle was later named the Sarsen Circle. The internal circle was rarely finished, and nobody has any proof with respect to why. It shows up that they simply halted, without tidying up or expelling any of the old stones. Some estimate that the task was to enormous that it appeared outlandish the Beaker individuals. The third time frame started at around 1550 B.C.. The Wesset culture was going to add their touch to the developing landmark. The Wesset culture chose to destroy crafted by the Beaker individuals, in any case, settled on a comparable plan. They chose to develop a circle around a similar point the Beaker individuals utilized for their circle. On top of every column, nonetheless, an enormous rectangular stone was put, with each side laying on neighboring columns. This made a ceaseless hover all around the landmark. Rather than a littler hover inside the bigger circle, the Wesset culture put a basic pony shoe. The pony shoe, similarly as the huge circle, was topped with enormous rectangular stones. Given the separation they needed to travel, this introduced a significant transportation problem.(Lacy, www.britannia.com/travel/otherworldly/magic12.htm). The issue of getting the stones to the structure site was huge enough to prevent a great many people from endeavoring such a task. There were to ways used to convey the huge stones to the structure site. The first was via land. Mammoth trucks were developed to convey the littler stones. The stones were stacked on the truck and pulled eighty-five miles to Stonehenge. This technique would not work for the bigger stones as an enormous enough truck couldn't be made. For these stones, a wooden pontoon was made, and they were sent down a close by waterway. From the banks of the waterway it was a short separation to Stonehenge. Setting the stones took some reasoning. Initial, a five foot pit was

Role of New Media in Reporting Emergencies in Nigeria

Job of New Media in Reporting Emergencies in Nigeria Brilliance Ajabiowe The Role of New Media in Reporting Emergencies in Nigeria. (A Case Study of Ebola Virus) Section ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Crisis correspondence is known for its prompt correspondence with partners and its capacity to change at a moment’s notice. Web based life is additionally a developing field. The utilization of internet based life is developing at an exponential rate. Since their presentation, Social Network Sites (SNSs, for example, Facebook, MySpace, Cyworld, Twitter and Bebo have pulled in a huge number of clients, a considerable lot of whom have incorporated these destinations into their day by day rehearses, (Goldfine, 2011). We[E1] characterize informal organization locales as online administrations that permit people to (1) develop an open or semi-open profile inside a limited framework, (2) articulate a rundown of different clients with whom they share an association, and (3) view and cross their rundown of associations and those made by others inside the framework. There are numerous thoughts regarding the primary event of web based life. â€Å"Throughout quite a bit of mankind's history, we’ve created advancements that make it simpler for us to speak with each other† (Carton, 2009). The most punctual data experienced by the journalists of this articleâ referred to 1792 and the utilization of the message to transmit and get messages over significant distances (Ritholz, 2010). Emile Durkheim, a French humanist referred to by numerous individuals as the dad of humanism, and Ferdinand Tonnies, a German social scientist, are viewed as pioneers of informal organizations during the late 1800s. Tonnies accepted that social gatherings could exist since individuals shared qualities and convictions or on the grounds that common clash. His hypothesis managed the implicit understanding originations of society. Durkheim consolidated experimental research with sociological hypothesis. Likewise, in the late 1800s, the radio and phone were utili zed for social collaboration, but single direction with the radio (Rimskii, 2011, Wren, 2004). Since the late 1990’s, the new online life have changed the view of hazard andâ crises, yet additionally residents desires towards crisis reaction authorities, the private sector,â volunteer associations, etc[E2]. Twitter, Facebook and Ushahidi among others have been generally used to impart about dangers and emergency circumstances (for example 2010 Haiti seismic tremor, 2011 Fukushima atomic mishap, etc.[E3]). This change is connected to the quick advancement of the Web 2.0 and its applications. While Internet traffic is relied upon to grow 25-30% somewhere in the range of 2011 and 2015 in North America, Western Europe and Japan, and to reach or outperform half in Latin America, the Middle East and Africa as indicated by the UN worldwide heartbeat white book, the utilization of web based life, for example, Facebook and Twitter is becoming considerably more quickly. Web based life is client created content conveyed through the Internet with the plan toâ be shared and encourage discussion between clients (Wright Hinson, 2009). Internet based life isâ one of the significant techniques for social association around the globe today (Wright Hinson, 2009). When all is said in done, coming up next are viewed as web-based social networking devices and stages: message sheets, photoâ sharing, web recordings, Really Simple Syndication (RSS), video sharing, Wikis, online journals, socialâ networks and miniaturized scale blogging locales (Wright Hinson, 2009). Online networking can be known as a technique and an outlet for broadcasting, while Social Networking is an instrument and an utility for associating with others (Cohen, 2009; Stelzner, 2009). Besides, Cohen (2009) reports that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¥ ¸the distinction isn't simply semantics however in the highlights and capacities put into these sites by their designers which directs the manner in which they are to be used†.[E4] Facebook is a person to person communication site propelled in February 2004, and it is secretly worked by Facebook, Inc. (Facebook, 2004). Facebook was established by Mark Zuckerberg and others when he was an understudy at Harvard; however when the site was at first propelled, it was limited to Harvard understudies as it were. Later the benefit was stretched out to secondary school understudies and later to everybody that is 13 years or more established (Boyd, 2007). Starting at July 2010, Facebook has in excess of 500 million dynamic clients. In January 2009, Facebook was positioned as the most utilized informal community around the world. Likewise, in May 2010, Google declared that a larger number of individuals visited Facebook than some other site on the planet. It pronounces this was found from discoveries on 1,000 destinations over the world, (TIMES, 2010). Clients may make an individual profile; include different clients as companions, and trade messages, including programmed notices, photographs and remarks when they update their profile. Furthermore, Facebook clients may join normal intrigue client gatherings, sorted out by working environment, school, school, or different attributes. Ebola infection was found in 1976 and from that point forward 2,265 revealed instances of Ebola fever in people far and wide of these casualties, 1,531 brought about death slaughtered. Places for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC, 2012). The main known instance of Ebola in Nigeria was an explorer uncovered in Liberia. On July 17, 2014, while under perception in a Monrovia, Liberia, emergency clinic for conceivable Ebola, the patient built up a fever and, while indicative, left the clinic against clinical exhortation. In spite of counsel against movement, on July 20 he flew by business carrier from Monrovia by means of Accra, Ghana, to Lomã ©, Togo, at that point changed airplane, and traveled to Lagos. On appearance the evening of July 20, he was intensely sick and promptly shipped to a private clinic where he was noted to have fever, heaving, and loose bowels. During medical clinic affirmation, the patient was questioned about Ebola and said he had no known presentation; he was at first treated for assumed intestinal sickness. In light of the patients inability to react to jungle fever treatment and his movement from an Ebola-influenced nation in the locale, treating doctors presumed Ebola. The patient was secluded and tried for Ebola infection contamination while nearby general wellbeing specialists were cautioned about an associated case with Ebola. A blood example sent to Lagos University Teaching Hospital was affirmed positive for intense Ebola infection contamination. The patient passed on July 25. Port Health Services led early contact following at the air terminal and worked with carriers and accomplices to guarantee notice of the flare-up through International Health Regulations systems During the 2009 flu pandemic, tweets and SMS were utilized to demonstrate where vaccinationâ against H1N1 flu was accessible. Web based life were utilized to support the populace toâ vaccinate and to demonstrate where the closest spot was to do as such. In Kenya, which has 33 million individuals there are 11.3 million cell phone supporters yet just 264000 landline and 3 million web clients. A select in framework for blood contributors empowers them to get instant messages or email updates expressing when they are qualified to give again yet in addition messages calling for benefactors of explicit blood classifications during deficiencies or emergencies. The World Health Organization (WHO) utilizes web based life in its Strategic Health Operations Centre (SHOC) which work every minute of every day. On account of TweetDeck, they lead search by chosen watchwords on Twitter. WHO presently has two full-time internet based life staff and gets almost 6,000 new devotees on Twitter every week and about a similar number on Facebook every month. These numbers are developing, which causes WHO both to screen wellbeing emergency and give great advices to the devotees. During the Fukushima occasions, the TweetDeck saw that a few people were advising their companions to drink wound cleaners, which contain iodine, since they figured this would enable their body to be set up for the atomic radiation coming up. By means of Twitter and Facebook, the WHO online networking group cautioned individuals not to drink it since it could be unsafe. That day, WHO saw individuals hurrying to take iodine pills and tweeted: â€Å"Consult your primary care physic ian before taking iodine pills. Don't self-medicate!† As correspondence innovation broadens and multiplies, web-based social networking (Facebook, Twitter, and so forth.) are progressively used to pass on data during emergencies to send admonitions, to direct situational mindfulness, and even to catalyze activity and continue discoursed and criticism circles among open specialists, volunteer gatherings, the business segment and residents. In spite of their helpfulness, governments see web based life with some alert because of the cost that could be caused by attempting to stay up with developing resident desires. The dependability of web-based social networking content is here and there addressed, however separating apparatuses have been built up that might be utilized to lessen time spent perusing immaterial messages and conniving sources. The web-based social networking can be utilized to improve hazard and emergency correspondence in a few different ways. First,â they are shared and participatory. Online conversations can improve circumstance mindfulness. Second, they are decentralized. The data can course rapidly among entertainers, on account of RSS channels or Tweets, which are quickly accessible online to numerous associations. Third, web based life are well known and open. Crisis administrations can expand their arrive at when sending data or cautioning. At last, online life can give information that are geologically or transiently discernible. It gets conceivable to screen the topographical and time advancement of an emergency on account of carefully created content. The advancement of web based life has prompted quicker spread of messages and the capacity to limit hurt done to an association in an emergency situation. Web-based social networking is beginning to change the manner in which we work together, and I think in the event that we don’t acknowledge what’s occurring in crisis the board, at that point individuals are going to gaze upward, and they’re going to go-†What simply happened?†Ã‚ (Richard, 2011). Be that as it may, Social media additionally can possibly demolish a company’s notoriety or exped

International Economics - Mexico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Worldwide Economics - Mexico - Essay Example This implies the creation keeps on falling by near 25% over the past ten years (Sverdrup 123). Mexico as of late constructed its foundation for motivations behind upgrading exchange. In 2012, the exchange cartels the Mexican broadcast communications industry were among the people on the planet. In any case, their endeavors are about imposing business models as they control near 70% cell phones, 70% broadband and 80% home telephone lines. There are late worries that the absence of rivalry which keeps on hampering development. The degrees of cell phone infiltration across Mexico are just 85% which are like Iraq while the quick broadband association costs are twofold those in Chile. Mexico's way of life and economy are consistently evolving. For a long time the economy of Mexico failed to meet expectations that of Brazil, however it has become quicker in the previous year. Most Americans continue agonizing over the unlawful migration despite the fact that Mexico needs to really pick up settlers without anyone else. By realities, the birth pace of the nation is inclining downwards and could before long be route beneath that of the U.S. on this case, the viciousness connected to medicate cartels is still maintained while Mexico is viewed to as a basic underground exchange course for U.S. addicts (Leoce 29). In the most recent decade, Mexico’s needs included maintaining legitimate organizations, ensuring the earth, giving better human services and improving the monetary seriousness of the nation. This is additionally confirm by the safeguarding of open security like military breadths in breaking down the degrees of sorted out wrongdoing just as the degenerate neighborhood police. Some portion of these, the chase for the medication cartels turned out to be generally dubious. It likewise added up to hard and fast war where there were expanded degrees of viciousness, for example, reprisal of the regular citizens by such cartels. Most Mexicans reprimanded the admi nistration for expanding brutality and upsetting the cartels. There were various difficulties confronting Mexico's economy over the long haul. The economy confronted provokes, for example, the engraved need to modernize the work and expense framework laws, redesign schools, medicinal services administrations and streets just as privatize the oil business. These were relied upon to occur earlier the remote financial specialists help in the extraction of more oil. In any case, it denied the Mexican government more income (Sverdrup 73). Scientists have understood that Mexican innovative work use, gifted work accessibility and the licenses gave were radical markers of different mechanical initiative finishes that empowered the nation to keep delivering a complete stretch of such mechanical developments while as yet having discovered that such innovation pioneers concentrated on trading hello there tech items and accepting imports of results of progressively standard. The Mexican peso em ergency and universal impacts In the 1988 †1994 term of the Salinas administration in Mexico, the general GDP development was at a normal of 3.3% yearly which was a number surpassing the populace development rate (at 2%). In any case, it fell very quickly for the other poor and creating nations. Despite the fact that the development went to linger behind at the pace of resulting developing markets, the Mexican legislators turned out to be considerably additionally ready to detail fast monetary extension as far as strength (Villareal 11). The new and practically stable component for this situation had the Mexican economy entering 1994 with assorted

Importance of Early Childhood Education

Importance of Early Childhood Education Early Childhood Education Nov 16, 2018 in Coursework Developmental Delay in Children According to Fedoroff Barbara (2012), parents and child developers (professional educators) are deeply worried when faced with a childs development being delayed, contrary to the normal child growth and development. Further is that for professional educators, it is important first to separate the childs identity from the possibility of a developmental delay. Through this, the childs wholeness is still valued. The best is achieved through separation of the affected child from his/her non-typical behavior/trait and instead concentrating on a number of positive role-plays. When first parents get news of possible developmental delay in their children, they often get worried about the well-being of their children. The issues that come into their minds focus on the future through a myriad of questions about the worst possible case scenarios, which their children might face. The concerned parents, to find possible reasons for such delays, also perform a review of the past. The above, being a departure from the present, needs to be corrected, through step by step focusing on the present, where the caregiver who is experienced on daily observation of children takes all the necessary steps to ensure positive child growth.

The Disease Lung Cancer - Free Essay Example

Lung Cancer begins when cells in your body start to mutate or change. There are many factors that can cause these mutations to happen. Most often, this change in the cells happen when people are exposed too and or breathe in dangerous and toxic substances. Even if you were exposed to these substances many years ago, you are still at risk (NCBI, 2011). There are many treatment options and support offered to those who are diagnosed. Etiology of Lung Cancer Smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer. Tobacco smoke contains many chemicals that are known to cause lung cancer. Radon exposure is the second-leading cause of lung cancer. Radon is a colorless, odorless radioactive gas that exists naturally in soil. It comes up through the soil and enters buildings through small gaps and cracks. One out of every 15 homes in the U.S. is subject to radon exposure. Exposure to radon combined with cigarette smoking seriously increases your lung cancer risk. Exposure to certain hazardous chemicals poses a lung cancer risk. Working with materials such as asbestos, uranium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel and some petroleum products is especially dangerous. Particle Pollution refers to a mix of very tiny solid and liquid particles that are in the air we breathe. Evidence shows that particle pollution†like that coming from that exhaust smoke†increases the risk of lung cancer. Finally, the last cause of lung cancer is through genes. G enetic factors also may play a role in ones chances of developing lung cancer. A family history of lung cancer may mean you are at a higher risk of getting the disease. (American Lung Association, 2018) Clinical features of Lung Cancer The Signs and symptoms of lung cancer can take years to develop and they may not appear until the disease is advanced. Symptoms of lung cancer that are in the chest include; coughing, especially if it persists or becomes intense; Pain in the chest, shoulder, or back; A change in color or volume of sputum; Shortness in breath, Changes in the voice or being hoarse, Harsh sound with each breath (stridor), Recurrent lung problems, such as bronchitis or pneumonia, Coughing up phlegm or mucus, especially if it is tinged with blood and or coughing up blood. If the original lung cancer has spread, a person may feel symptoms in other places in the body. Common places for lung cancer to spread include other parts of the lungs, lymph nodes, bones, brain, liver, and adrenal glands. Symptoms of Lung cancer that many occur elsewhere in the body include; Loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss, muscle wasting (also known as cachexia), fatigue, headaches and or bone and joint pain, Bone fracture s, neurological symptoms, such as unsteady gait and or memory loss. Other symptoms include neck or facial swelling, general weakness, bleeding and or blood clots. (CDC, 2018) Lab Data There are several laboratory tests that may be done during the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. These tests are any procedure that evaluates a sample of blood, urine, other bodily fluid, and or tissue. While there is not a single test that can determine if a person has lung cancer, it can provide additional information that helps doctors determine the best treatment for the patient. A complete blood count is a test that measures all different components in the blood. Blood is made up of many different cells: red and white blood cells, and platelets. Abnormal findings from a CBC include; low levels of red blood cells that can indicate anemia, low levels of blood platelets can point to a tendency to bleed and difficulty forming clots. Also, low levels of white blood cells can place a person at higher risk for infections. Blood Chemistry is another test that detects levels of substance in the body can identify abnormalities in some of the organs. (Lung Cancer, Laboratory Tests, 201 7) Red cell distribution width (RDW), one of many routinely examined parameters, shows the heterogeneity in erythrocyte size. We investigated the association of RDW levels with clinical parameters and prognosis of lung cancer patients. Clinical and laboratory data from 332 patients with lung cancer in a single institution were retrospectively studied by univariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the effect of RDW on survival. THE RDW LEVELS WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS: high RDW (=15%), n=73 vs. low RDW, n=259 (15%). Univariate analysis showed that there were significant associations of high RDW values with cancer stage, performance status, presence of other disease, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, platelet count, albumin level, C-reactive protein level, and cytokeratin 19 fragment level. Kruskal-Wallis tests revealed an association of RDW values with cancer stage in patients irrespective of co morbidity (patient with/without comorbidity: p0.0001, patient without comorbidity: p0.0001). Stages I-IV lung cancer patients with higher RDW values had poorer prognoses than those with lower RDW values (Wilcoxon test: p=0.002). In particular, the survival rates of stage I and II patients (n=141) were lower in the high RDW group (n=19) than in the low RDW group (n=122) (Wilcoxon test: p0.001). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed higher RDW is a significant prognostic factor (p=0.040). RDW is associated with several factors that reflect inflammation and malnutrition in lung cancer patients. Moreover, high levels of RDW are associated with poor survival. RDW might be used as a new and convenient marker to determine a patient's general condition and to predict the mortality risk of lung cancer patients. (PLOS, Koma, Onishi, Matsuoka, Oda, Yokota, Matsumoto, Koyama, Okada, Nakashima, etc, 2013) Diagnostic Evaluations There are many procedures utilized to identify lung cancer. The first evaluation is an X-ray. A chest X-ray uses high-energy electromagnetic radiation to provide images of the lungs and surrounding tissues. This image-guided technology is an important procedure for cancer diagnosis, staging and treatment. Another type is a CT scan for lung cancer. Computed tomography (CT) scan is one of the most commonly used tools for screening, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A CT scan reveals the anatomy of the lungs and surrounding tissues, which cancer doctors use to diagnose and monitor tumor growth. Lab tests for lung cancer are compiled of three separate tests. First, we have Genomic tumor assessment, which examines a tumor on a genetic level to find the DNA alterations that are driving the growth of cancer. By identifying the mutations that occur in a cancer cells genome, we can better understand what caused the tumor and tailor treatment based on these findings. Second, we have Tumor molecular profiling. If a patient has a solid tumor, doctors will try to get a sample of tissue during a biopsy or surgery. Then, they will test for the presence of a variety of enzymes, proteins and genes to identify which therapies may help. The final part of lab tests is Nutrition panel. With this test, doctors evaluate patients for deficiency of nutrients, such as vitamin D and iron. The test helps the doctors identify what nutrients patients need replaced or boosted. In order or all of these tests to be completed, a doctor will collect a blood sample, and then send it to a pathologist. A CT angiogram is another form of an evaluation. A CT angiogram allows doctors to examine the pulmonary artery, which is the main artery that supplies blood to the lungs from the heart. In this test, a special iodine-based contrast material in injected into the body before a CT scan to illuminate the pulmonary artery and smaller blood vessels in the chest. A CT angiogram is done when a patient is experiencing shortness of breath. A PET/CT scan for lung cancer is another form of evaluation. A PET/CT scan is an advanced nuclear imaging technique combines positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) into one machine. The scan reveals information about both the structure and functions of cells and tissues in the body during a single imaging session. The scan creates a 3D picture of the lungs, but it may miss small tumors if part of the lung has collapsed, as it sometimes the case. A PET scan goes beyond anatomy to show what is happening at a cellular level in the tiss ues of the lung. Biopsy for lung cancer is another form of evaluation that doctors use. During a lung biopsy procedure, the doctor removes a small piece of tissue or fluid from the chest, so it can be examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells. If the cells are found to be cancerous, a biopsy may help determine whether the cancer began at the site of the biopsy or if it started somewhere else in the body and spread to the biopsy site. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) for lung cancer is a less invasive bronchoscopic procedure used to evaluate and sample cancerous cells in the chest. In most cases, EBUS is performed as an alternative to a mediastinoscopy, a surgical procedure used to collect samples in the chest while the patient is under general anesthesia. An EBUS uses ultrasound guidance to detect cancerous cells in the lungs and in the lymph nodes of the chest in real time. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy for lung cancer allows physicians to identify cancerous cells in the bronchial tubes that may not be visible under white light examination. The doctor can then remove a small sample of abnormal tissue for further analysis. This method is used to find and diagnose tiny tumors. For the procedure, the doctor will insert a scope through your mouth or nose and into your lungs. Then, a video camera and two different light sources will give the doctor a view of the patients airways. (Cancer Center, 2017) Treatments for Lung Cancer Although there is no cure for lung cancer, there are several treatment options for this disease. The most common treatments are radiation, surgery and chemotherapy. Other treatments include; Immunotherapy, Neurosurgery, targeted therapy, interventional pulmonology and metastatic lung cancer to the liver. For everyone these treatments, there is a community of people to help you along the way. CancerCare has partnered with LUNGevtiy to develop a cancer helpline. There is financial assistance for those who cannot afford treatments. Connect with others in free support groups, either online or face to face. Community resources are available for those who need it. (CancerCare, help by diagnosis, 2016)